Geniospasm
Geniospasm (Gr. Geneion chin, spasmos spasm) is an involuntary tremor of the mentalis muscle . It usually occurs in childhood and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
description
Geniospasm is expressed through involuntary trembling of the chin and lower lip. It can be triggered by stress and emotions and can also occur during sleep. Other neurological disorders are not part of the clinical picture. However, the tremors can be felt by others and can lead to the person concerned withdrawing.
Most geniospasm occurs in childhood. Improvement can occur with increasing age.
Occur
The condition is extremely rare. According to a 1999 study, only 23 families in Europe and the US are known to have geniospasm.
Geniospasm is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and, based on some studies, is assigned to chromosome 9q13-q21. However, cases are also known in which the condition occurred spontaneously.
activities
There is no antidote and no therapy options against geniospasm. Very good results were achieved with botulinum toxin injections into the mentalis muscle, which paralyze the muscle but do not restrict the facial muscles or speech in any way.
literature
- ↑ Jarman PR, Wood NW, Davis MT, et al. : Hereditary geniospasm: linkage to chromosome 9q13-q21 and evidence for genetic heterogeneity . In: Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 61, No. 4, 1997, pp. 928-33. doi : 10.1086 / 514883 . PMID 9382105 . PMC 1715984 (free full text).
- ↑ Gonzalez-Alegre P, Kelkar P, Rodnitzky RL: Isolated high-frequency jaw tremor relieved by botulinum toxin injections . In: Mov. Disord. . 21, No. 7, 2006, pp. 1049-50. doi : 10.1002 / mds.20878 . PMID 16602105 .
