Limit stability

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Example of a mechanical limit stability

The term cross-stable or marginal stability comes from the stability theory and refers to a system whose output does not rise, but not merging into a stable state. An example of this is a continuous oscillation, the amplitude of which is neither smaller nor larger.

A stable system automatically returns to its idle state after a fault

Stability is an important property of systems . Systems can be divided into unstable and stable systems. The eigenvalues ​​of the system matrix A of the state space model , which at the same time also represent the roots of the characteristic polynomial and the poles of the transfer function , are decisive for the classification .

Limit stability is present when a real pole or a complex conjugate pair of poles is on the imaginary axis (i.e. when the real part is equal to zero), while all other poles are in the left complex half-plane. If poles with a real part of zero occur more than once, it is no longer possible to evaluate the stability. Such systems can also be unstable.

A system is stable if all eigenvalues ​​(or roots or poles) have a negative real part and are therefore in the left half-plane of the complex plane ( pole-zero diagram ).

State 2 is unstable and changes to state 1 or 3 in the event of minor disturbances.

The system is unstable if at least one of these real parts is positive and therefore lies in the right half-plane.

literature

  • Otto Föllinger: Nonlinear Regulations 2nd 7th edition, R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-486-22503-0 .
  • Mark Aronovich Aĭzerman, Feliks Ruvimovich Gantmakher: The absolute stability of control systems. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1960.

Web links

Commons : Stability  - album with pictures, videos and audio files