Halpa (cow)

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Ḫalpa , ( Urartian Ḫalpa ( URU Ḫa-al-pa), Assyrian Ḫalpi ( KUR Ḫal-pi)) is a royal city and landscape of the same name in Kummuḫ (Urartian Qumaḫa). Forrer located them in Halfeti on the east bank of the Euphrates , Astour in Gölbaşı between Maraş and Malatya , which Diakonoff also considers to be very likely, since Ḫalpa was, according to Sarduri II, on a lake. A location at the mouth of the Merzumen into the Euphrates was also considered. In recent publications, the Astour proposal is preferred.

Ḫalpa will u. a. mentioned in an inscription of the Urartian king Sarduri II from the castle rock of Van during his conquests in Quma ina. According to the inscription, he conquered the fortified royal cities of Uita and Ḫalpa and besieged Parala . Thereupon Kuštašpi, the king of Kummuḫ submitted and paid tribute. The inscriptions Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. mention Ḫalpi. Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. reports how, in his third year of reign (743): between / in the countries of Kistan and Ḫalpi, districts of Kummuḫ , he defeated an army led by Sarduri II.

Ḫalpa is also the Hittite name for the capital of Jamḫad (see also Aleppo ), this is to be separated from Ḫalpa in Kummuḫ.

literature

  • Н. В. Арутюнян: Корпус уратсқих қлинообразных надписеӣ . Гитутюн, Ереван 2001, ISBN 978-5-8080-0476-4 , p. 507 and No. 155 (Nikolaj V. Arutjunjan: Korpus Urartäischer cuneiform sources. Gitutjun, Erewan 2001.)
  • Friedrich Wilhelm König: Handbook of the Chaldic inscriptions . Graz 1955 ( Archive for Orient Research. Supplement . Vol. 8), p. 124, no. 103 and plate 79.
  • Mirjo Salvini: Corpus dei testi urartei. Le iscrizioni su pietra e roccia. Vol I . Istituto di studi sulle civiltà dell'Egeo e del Vicino Oriente, Rome 2008 ( Documenta Asiana . Vol. 8/1), pp. 424-426.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ariel M. Bagg: The names of places and waters of the Neo-Assyrian period. Part 1: The Levant . Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden 2007 ( Répertoire géographique des textes cunéiformes . Vol. 7/1), p. 84
  2. ^ Emil Forrer: The provincial division of the Assyrian Empire . JC Hinrichs, Leipzig 1920, p. 79.
  3. ^ MC Astour: The Arena of Tiglath-pileser III's campaign against Sardurri II. (743 BC) . In: Assur . Vol. 2, 1979, pp. 69-91.
  4. ^ Igor M. Diakonoff, SM Kashkai: Geographical names according to Urartian Texts . Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 1981 ( Répertoire Géographique des Textes Cuneiformes . Vol. 9), p. 39.
  5. ↑ Compare also JD Hawkins: Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions I / 1 . de Gruyter, Berlin 2000, pp. 331f.
  6. ↑ Н. В. Арутюнян: Корпус уратсқих қлинообразных надписеӣ . Гитутюн, Ереван 2001, p. 507. This would roughly correspond to the location of Rum Kalesi .
  7. ↑ Besides Diakonoff, Tadmor and Hawkins there is also Mirjo Salvini: History and Culture of the Urartians . Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1995, ISBN 3-534-01870-2 , p. 75 to be mentioned here.
  8. ↑ Г.А. Меликишвили: Урартские клинообразные надписи . Издательство АН СССР, Москва 1960, No. 155 E 50 and FW König: Handbook of Chaldic Inscriptions . Graz 1955 ( Archive for Orient Research. Supplement . Vol. 8), p. 124, No. 103 §9 IV line 56 and plate 79.
  9. ↑ Hayim Tadmor: The Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III King of Assyria . 2nd Edition. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem 2007, ISBN 978-965-208-175-9 , pp. 50-53, 110f., 124f., 132f., 168f., 270.
  10. ↑ The eponymous chronicle, however, reports a victory over Urartu in Arpad for the year 743 . See Hayim Tadmor: The Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III King of Assyria . P. 232f.
  11. ↑ Trevor Bryce: The kingdom of the Hittites . 2005, p. 70 and Horst Klengel, Fiorella Imparati, Volkert Haas, Theo PJ van den Hout: History of the Hittite Empire . Brill, Leiden, p. 61.
  12. ↑ Н. В. Арутюнян: Корпус уратсқих қлинообразных надписеӣ . Гитутюн, Ереван 2001, p. 507.