Haqīqa

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Haqīqa ( Arabic حقيقة, DMG ḥaqīqa  'reality'), plural Haqā'iq (حقائق, DMG ḥaqāʾiq ), is an Arabic term with diverse meanings that is used in Arabic rhetoric as well as in Islamic mysticism and philosophy . In Arabic rhetoric, it denotes the actual meaning of a word based on Wadʿ , as opposed to the figurative meaning called majāz . Haqīqa, in philosophy, is what distinguishes one thing from another. Some philosophical texts identify the Haqīqa with the quiddity ( māhīya ) and the essence ( ḏāt ) of the thing.

In Sufik , Haqīqa denotes the highest level that the Sufi can reach on the mystical path, the Tarīqa . The Sufis in their entirety are also called Ahl al-ḥaqīqa ("People of Reality"). The Persian Sufi Hudschwīrī (d. 1070) contrasts the Haqīqa with the Sharia : The Haqīqa is the profound reality that remains unchanged from the time of Adam to the end of time, while the Sharia consists of commandments and prohibitions that can be abrogated .

The term also acquired a special meaning in the mystical philosophy of Muhyī d-Dīn Ibn ʿArabī (d. 1240). Here the term is used for the attributes of God as opposed to His essence, which is referred to as Haqq. The Haqā'iq of God's names are the individualizations of his being and at the same time his relationships with the things of the world. In this sense there is also a Mohammedan reality ( ḥaqīqa Muḥammadīya ), because Mohammed is considered to be the first individualization of the divine being.

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