High backbone

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High Backbone , also called hump , Indian name Chanko Wakatuya , (* around 1820, † 1870 ) was a Minneconjou - Lakota - Sioux .

High backbone and crazy horse

High Backbone (Chanko Wakatuya) or Hump became known as the war leader and mentor of the young Crazy Horse . The ages differ depending on the source. Chief He Dog told Eleanor Hinman that Hump was about the same age as Crazy Horse. Charles Eastman, in turn, described Hump as significantly older, maybe five to ten years. The difference may come from the fact that Crazy Horse's father Worm was formerly known as Tashunka Witko, i.e. Crazy Horse, and was also closely associated with Hump ​​as kola (≈ friend or "blood brother").

Red Clouds War 1866–1868

High Backbone was the strategic leader in the Fetterman battle on December 21, 1866 as part of the so-called Red Cloud War. It is possible that he was appointed wicasa itančaŋ and blotahunka of the Minikowozu in personal union at this time. At the time of the conflict over the Bozeman Trail , the older civilian leaders of the Lakota were often ousted by the young warriors and replaced by determined and successful war leaders. At the Oglala , Red Cloud also positioned itself in a leadership role in a corresponding process. Together with Crazy Horse, he led the united Lakota warriors into the "Wagon Box" battle. Militarily, however, this battle was a failure. The Lakota did not yet fight as an organized unit, but rather in the form of individually acting warriors. This and their technical inferiority meant that the US soldiers could withstand. Due to high losses on the Lakota side, neither they nor the US military viewed the battle as a victory for either side.

Even after the Laramie Peace Treaty was signed in 1868, High continued to hold the position of a respected war leader (blotahunka / "war chief"). High Backbone was killed in front of Crazy Horses during an attack on the Shoshone in the fall / winter of 1870.

Family relationships

Father: Black Buffalo (1760–1820), unclear Mother: Good Voice Woman Siblings: Rattling Blanket Woman (half-sister, married Crazy Horse's father Worm) Married to: Married to several Cheyenne women (?) And a Crow woman. Children: Hump II (? - after 1900), insecure and other children

Remarks

  1. ^ Paul D. Riley: Oglala Sources on the Life of Crazy Horse. Interviews given to Eleanor H. Hinman. In: R. Eli Paul: The Nebraska Indian Wars reader, 1865-1877. University of Nebraska Press 1998, p. 180ff., Here: p. 185.

literature

  • Kingsley M. Bray: Crazy Horse - A Lakota Life. University of Oklahoma Press 2006, ISBN 0-8061-3785-1 .
  • Mari Sandoz: Crazy Horse, the Strange Man of the Oglalas, a biography. University of Nebraska Press 1942, ISBN 0803292112 .
  • Charles Eastman: Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains. Little, Brown, 1918 ( online ).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME High backbone
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Chanko Wankatuya; Hump
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Indian chief of the Minneconjou-Lakota-Sioux
DATE OF BIRTH around 1820
DATE OF DEATH 1870