Testicle

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Hodegetik (also: Hodegese , from the Greek ὃδός: the way, cf. also Hodegetria ) literally means (the doctrine of) direction . As a historical technical term from pedagogy, it essentially refers to the teaching of instructions for university studies. The task of Hodegetik is to convey “the meaning and purpose of academic study and its method” ( Horst Kunze ).

This subject has its origins in medical testis , a discipline of medical studies that was taught in the Middle Ages and taught the doctor how to deal with patients correctly. Similarly, there was also a theological testamentics as a sub-theme of pastoral theology .

In the reorientation of studies in the Age of Enlightenment , this term was adopted, especially at the University of Halle , for introductions to the methodology of university studies. Erduin Julius Koch published in 1792 a testicle for university studies at all faculties . In this sense, the term also found its way into contemporary specialist lexicons, such as the Pedagogical Real Encyclopedia or Encyclopedic Dictionary of Education and its History "edited by an association of preachers and teachers and edited by Karl Gottlob Hergang". There the definition can be found in 1847:

Hodegesis, Hodegetik: (Ad Greek) guidance or instructions, especially for the right method of academic study. Hence Hodeget, a guide, a guide, a teacher.

Hodegetik plays a special role in the educational concept of Karl Volkmar Stoy (1815–1885). As a supporter of Herbartianism, Stoy ascribes the task of ethical personality development to the school in addition to dietetics (instructions for a healthy lifestyle) and didactics (teaching about imparting knowledge). This connecting science is called Hodegetik (doctrine of guidance). One of the main tasks of testamentals can be seen in research on the establishment and implementation of ethical educational goals. Wilhelm Hehlmann also refers to this in the Pedagogical Dictionary , Leipzig, 1931:

Hodegetik [...] doctrine of leadership [...] in contrast to teaching theory

At the end of the 1950s, Horst Kunze complained that the specialization of the sciences in the second half of the 19th century had caused this subject to wither: “So today we are faced with the paradoxical situation that in Germany of all places this has an old tradition in this area has, the maintenance of a general guideline for academic studies - for that means Hodegetik (Greek ὃδός, the way) - has been neglected at universities and colleges, while it has become an integral part of both the Soviet Union and the United States of America of studies counts. "(p. 5)

Even if the name is hardly known, the wide range of literature and courses on the subject of introductory studies is also a legacy of this tradition.

literature

Historical works

  • Erduin Julius Koch: Hodegetik for university studies at all faculties. Berlin in the Frankesche Buchhandlung 1792.
  • Johann Wilhelm Arnold: Hodegetik for medicine students or instructions for the study of medicine, together with a selected medical literature. A manual for use in academic lectures. Karl Groos, Heidelberg and Leipzig; Karl Gerold, Vienna 1832.
  • Karl Hermann Scheidler: Basic lines of the testamentals or methodology of academic study and life. 3rd edition. Cröker, Jena 1847.
  • Carl Kirchner: C. Kirchner's Hodegetik or guide to the university for students: In addition to a systematic overview of the sciences and arts and the curriculum for the individual subjects of the scholarly profession. Vogel, Leipzig 1852.
  • Wilhelm Freund: Great. A Hodegetik for the students of the upper secondary school and Realschule lessons, at the same time as a methodically ordered preparation for the Abitur exam. In 104 weekly letters for the two-year primary school course. 2 volumes. Violet, Leipzig around 1900.

literature

  • Horst Kunze : Scientific work. An introduction. Akademie-Verlag , Berlin 1958.
  • Jan-Hendrik Olbertz : Hodegetik as an academic moral teaching. In: K. Jackstel (Hrsg.): Studies on the history of university education. Scientific contributions from the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 1986/3. E 73, Halle / Saale, pp. 47–58.
  • Joachim Stary: Hodegetik or “A remedy for the misery of being unable to study”. A historical consideration. In: The higher education system . 42, 1994, 4, pp. 160-164.