Huanghuagang uprising

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The Huanghuagang uprising ( Chinese  黃花崗 起義  /  黄花岗 起义 , Pinyin Huánghuāgǎng qǐyì , English Huanghuagang Uprising ), also known as the "3.29" uprising in Guangzhou , was led by Huang Xing and is named after a hill in Guangzhou ( Canton), Guangdong, China. It was the last unsuccessful uprising by Chinese revolutionaries against the Qing Dynasty before the Wuchang uprising in the same year (1911).

On November 13, 1910, Sun Yat-sen met with some of the men who made up the backbone of the Chinese Revolutionary League ( Tongmenghui ) - Zhao Shen , Huang Xing, Hu Hanmin, and Deng Zeru - for a conference in Penang , Malay Peninsula to start a decisive battle against the Qing government in Guangzhou (Canton).

In January 1911, Huang Xing, Zhao Shen and Hu Hanming established the headquarters of the uprising in Hong Kong . Originally they planned to start the fight on April 13th, but the date has been postponed due to some preparatory matters.

On April 27, 1911, the riot began near the office of Zhang Mingqi , the governor of Guangzhou. The revolutionaries hoped to take him prisoner. However, Zhang climbed over a wall and escaped. The revolutionaries were soon defeated by the Qing Army in their desperate struggle in the streets, and the uprising ended in disaster.

After the uprising, Tongmenghui members collected seventy-two bodies and buried them together in the north of the city in Honghuagang. Honghuagang was later renamed Huanghuagang. The number of revolutionaries killed during this uprising exceeded a hundred, but tradition continues to call them the " Seventy- Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang " ( 黄花崗 七十二烈士 , Huánghuāgǎng qīshí'èr lìeshì ).

The Tomb of the 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang ( 黄花岗 七十二烈士 墓 , Huánghuāgǎng Qǐyì qīshí'èr lièshì mù , English Graveyard of the 72 Martyrs at Huanghuagang Hillock ) has been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China (1-6) since 1961 .

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Footnotes

  1. ↑ That is, the 29th of 3rd of the Xinhai year (~ 1911) according to the traditional Chinese calendar . Other Chinese names for the uprising are Huanghuagang zhi yi 黃花崗 之 役, Xinhai Guangzhou sanyue ershijiu zhi yi 辛亥 廣州 三月 二十 九日 之 役, Xinhai Guangzhou qiyi 辛亥 广州 起义 u. a.