Tongmenghui
Tongmenghui ( Chinese 同盟會 / 同盟会 , Pinyin Tóngménghuì , W.-G. T'ung-meng Hui - "literally alliance covenant, meaning: covenant of the (revolutionary) alliance", short from 中國 (革命) 同盟會 / 中国 (革命)同盟会 , Zhōngguó (Gémìng) Tóngménghuì ) was a company founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1905 in Tokyo . It was an amalgamation of several small revolutionary groups that previously acted autonomously, and initially saw themselves as a secret society. The Tongmenghui Association is sometimes translated as "oath covenant".
history
The program was passed on July 30, 1905 in Sun Yat-sen's absence and contains 16 characters : “ 驅除 韃 虜 ， 恢復 中華 ， 創立 民國 ， 平均 地 權 ”. Basically: "Expulsion of the Tatar rags , revival of the Chinese nation, establishment of a republic, implementation of land reform".
The Tongmenghui were responsible for a number of uprisings from its inception until the 1911 revolution, the Xinhai Revolution . The main area of their activities on the mainland was Guangdong Province .
After 1911, the members of the Tongmenghui fought for seats in the provincial governments in their provinces. In the central government of the new republic, the cabinet consisted entirely of members of the Tongmenghui .
In March 1912, the Tongmenghui became a party. After long discussions and meetings, it was decided in August 1912 to found a new party, which, in addition to the Tongmenghui, was to consist of several other parties: the Guomindang (Kuomintang).
Well-known members of the Tongmenghui
- Cai Yuanpei ( 蔡元培 )
- Chen Jiongming ( 陳炯明 )
- Chen Qimei ( 陳其美 )
- Huang Xing ( 黃興 )
- Hu Hanmin ( 胡漢民 )
- Li Yuanhong ( 黎元洪 )
- Li Yuying (Li Shizeng) ( 李煜瀛 , 李石 曾 )
- Li Zongren ( 李宗仁 )
- Liu Shifu ( 劉 師 復 ) (Liu Shaobin, 劉 師 復 )
- Liu Shipei ( 劉師培 )
- Qiu Jin ( 秋瑾 )
- Song Jiaoren ( 宋教仁 )
- Sun Yat-sen ( 孫逸仙 )
- Tang Shaoyi ( 唐紹儀 )
- Wang Ch'ung-hui ( 王 寵 惠 )
- Wang Jingwei ( 汪精衛 )
- Zhang Binglin ( 章炳麟 )
- Zhao Sheng ( 趙 聲 )
literature
- Dieter Kuhn: The Republic of China from 1912 to 1937. Draft for a political event history. 3rd revised and expanded edition. Ed. Forum, Heidelberg, 2007.
- Thomas Weyrauch: China's Democratic Traditions from the 19th Century to the Present in Taiwan . Longtai, Heuchelheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-938946-24-4 .
- Thomas Weyrauch: China's disregarded republic Volume 1 (1911-1949). Longtai, Heuchelheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-938946-14-5 .
- Thomas Weyrauch: China's disregarded republic Volume 2 (1950–2011). Longtai, Heuchelheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-938946-15-2 .