Liu Shipei

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Liu Shipei

Liu Shipei ( Chinese  劉師培  /  刘师培 , W.-G. Liu Shih-p'ei ; 1884 - 1919 ), also Shenshu (Zi) or Zuo'an (Hao), was a Chinese philologist, Confucian historian, anarchist, revolutionary , Philosopher and publicist from Yizheng (Yangzhou) in Jiangsu . He was a theorist of nationalism and internationalism in the 1911 revolution.

life and work

As a descendant of several representatives of the Confucian School of Yangzhou ( Yangzhou xuepai揚州 學派) he received a classical Chinese education since childhood. After his return from Beijing on the failed Juren exam he visited Shanghai, where he remained for two years, and where he Zhang Taiyan (Zhang Binglin) and Cai Yuanpei (1868-1940) met who introduced him to revolutionary ideas.

In 1904 he joined the anti-Qing society Guangfuhui光復 會 and in 1907 the Tongmenghui while he was in Japan with his wife, the anarchist He Zhen . At the invitation of Zhang Binglin (Zhang Taiyan) he became one of the employees of the Minbao ( People's Journal ) in Tokyo. In Japan, Liu was interested in the ideas of anarchism or the Japanese radical socialists and pointed out parallels to the teachings of Xu Xing and Bao Jingyan . He published in magazines such as Tianyi bao天 義 報 and Hengbao恒 报. However, his passion for it ebbed. In 1908, Liu Shipei returned to China and entered the public service at the Qing Court.

Under Yuan Shikai (1859-1916) he joined several other activists (see "Peace Planning Society" Chouanhui ) for the restoration of the monarchist system. He recommended the introduction of a new Chinese calendar starting with the birth of the Yellow Emperor .

At the invitation of Cai Yuanpei , he was a lecturer at Peking University from 1917 .

Liu Shipei died of tuberculosis at the age of 35 .

As a classical scholar, his name is associated with many exegetical studies. He promoted the (undoubtedly correct) view that the meaning of the characters must be sought from their pronunciation. He is considered to be one of the last representatives of the alt-text school (guwenxue, guwenjia).

The most representative of his writings is the book on the expulsion ( Rangshu ), in which he advocates the idea of ​​expelling the Manchus and restoring Chinese rule. In 1915 he wrote About the Restoration of the Monarchy (Junzheng fugu lun 君 政 復古 論 / 君 政 复古 论) to support Yuan Shikai .

His works are brought together in the edition under the title Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu刘申叔 先生 (Leftwork by Liu Shenshu).

Quote (Liu Shipei 1905)

或者 曰 漢族 之 性質 惟 以 依賴 强有力 為 宗旨 者 也 無論 何種 何 族 苟 以 權力 加之 無不 帖 然 服從 斯 斯 也 也 吾 不忍 信 之 然 已 及 身 見 之 或者 曰 漢族 者 有 特 立 之 精神 者也 故 無論 何種 何 族 入 據 中國 卒 為 漢族 所 排 斯 言 也 吾 不敢 信 之 而 吾 日夜 望 之 滿族 者

Some say that the Han [Chinese] ethnicity's character has a certain power as their maxim. No matter for what race or ethnicity this power is used in order to adjoin it — everyone attaches and follows [the Chinese ethnicity]. Unless I see it myself, I do not dare to believe in this statement!

Some say that the Han [Chinese] ethnicity has a special spirit. No matter what race or ethnicity migrates to China it is finally rejected by the Han [Chinese] ethnicity. Looking at the Manchu ethnicity night and day I do not dare to believe in this statement!

Publications

  • Rangshu攘 书 1903 / book on displacement (in Zhongguo baihua bao / China colloquial journal)
  • Huangdi hun (The Soul of the Yellow Emperor) 1904
  • Zhongguo minzu zhi中国 民族 志 / 中國 民族 志 1905
  • Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu刘申叔 先生 遗书. Ningnan Wushi paiyin ben 宁南 武氏 排印 本 1936

Studies on the following ancient texts are listed in the bibliography of the Hanyu da zidian (abbreviation HYDZD ) (with indication of the respective bibliography number, description of the works, possibly author, title , Congshu, etc.):

  • Mozi墨子: Mozi shibu墨子 拾 补 (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)
  • Laozi Daodejing老子 道德 经 / Laozi老子: Laozi jiaobu老子 斠 补 (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)
  • Nanhua zhenjing南华 真经 / Zhuangzi庄子: Zhuangzi jiaobu庄子 斠 补 (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)
  • Guanzi管子: Guanzi jiaobu管子 斠 补 (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)
  • Yanzi chunqiu晏子 春秋: Yanzi chunqiu jiaobu晏子 春秋 斠 补 >> (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)
  • Xunzi荀子: Xunzi jiaobu荀子 斠 补 (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)
  • Han Feizi韩非 子: Han Feizi jiaobu韩非 子 斠 补 (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)
  • Jizhong Zhoushu汲 冢 周 书 / Yi Zhoushu逸 周 书: Zhoushu buzheng周 书 补正 (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)
  • Mu tianzi zhuan穆天子 传: Mu tianzi zhuan穆天子 传 >> (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)
  • Jia Yi贾谊: Xinshu新书: Xinshu jiaobu新书 斠 补 (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)
  • Dong Zhongshu董仲舒: Chunqiu fanlu春秋 繁 露Chunqiu fanlu jiaobu春秋 繁 露 斠 补 (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)
  • Yang Xiong扬雄: Yangzi fayan扬子 法 言 / Fayan法 言: Fayan bushi法 言 补 释 (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)
  • Ban Gu班固: Baihu tong de lun白虎通 德 论 / Baihu tong白虎通: Baihu tong yi jiaobu白虎通 义 斠 补 (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu) and Baihu tong de lun bushi 白虎通 德 论 补 释 >> (Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu)

See also

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ Peter Zarrow: p.231
  2. ↑ cf. ECCP I: 536
  3. ↑ Chinese 何 震; Pinyin: Hé Zhèn (1884 - around 1920) - cf. Xia Xiaohong Chapter Ten. Tianyi Bao and He Zhen's views on “women's revolution” in Different Worlds of Discourse (partial view)
  4. ↑ cf. z. B. the HYDZD bibliography 8, 13, 16, 24, 25, 27, 28, 34, 35, 48, 55, 69, 82 (2x).
  5. ↑ cf. Julia C. Schneider
  6. ↑ On the influence of social Darwinism and racism cf. z. B. also Zhang Taiyan (1869–1936): Book of Distress ( Qiushu 訄 書 / 訄 书 , 1900/1904) and Zou Rong (1885–1905): The Revolutionary Army ( Geming jun革命 軍, 1903).
  7. ↑ brill.com (Julia C. Schneider) - accessed September 3, 2019

literature

  • 汉英 中国 哲学 辞典. 开封 2002
  • Gotelind Müller: China, Kropotkin and Anarchism: A Cultural Movement in China in the Early 20th Century Under the Influence of the West and Japanese Models. (Freiburg Far East Research, Volume 5). 2001 ( partial online view
  • "Liu Shi-p'ei," in Howard L. Boorman: Richard Howard (Ed.): Biographical Dictionary of Republican China , Volume Vol II. Columbia University Press, New York 1968. , pp. 411-413.
  • Julia C. Schneider: Nation and Ethnicity: Chinese Discourses on History, Historiography, and Nationalism (1900s – 1920s). (Leiden Comparative Historiography) 2017 online partial view *
  • Peter Zarrow: "Liu Shipei", in Wang Kewen (Ed.): Modern China. 1998 ( partial online view )
  • Liu Shih-p'ei (1884–1919) and His Literary Theories : 劉師培 及其 文學 理論. University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong), 1986
  • Frank Dikötter: The Discourse of Race in Modern China. London: Hurst & Co. 1992 Partial online view
  • Marc André Matten: The Limits of the Chinese: National Identity Foundation in China in the 20th Century (publications by the East Asia Institute of the Ruhr University, Bochum, Volume 54). 2009 ( partial online view )
  • Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912). Volume I digitized
  • Anne Shen Chao: Chen Duxiu 's Early Years: The Importance of Personal Connections in the Social and Intellectual Transformation of China 1895–1920. Houston, Texas 2009 Online

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Liu Shipei
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Liu Shenshu; Liu, Shenshu; Liu Shipei; Liu Shi Pei; 刘师培; 劉師培
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chinese scholar, Confucian historian, anarchist, revolutionary, philosopher and publicist
DATE OF BIRTH 1884
DATE OF DEATH 1919