Hanyu da zidian

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The commonly referred to as a dictionary Chinese Character Dictionary Hanyu Da Zidian ( Chinese  漢語大字典  /  汉语大字典 , Pinyin Hànyǔ Da Zìdiǎn  - "Large Chinese character dictionary"; abbr. HYDZD ) is a collection of individual Chinese characters in normal font ( regular script ), total therein 54678 characters handled. It is one of the most comprehensive reference books on the Chinese language and explains the structure, pronunciation and meaning of the characters. It takes into account the research results from the past and present; his focus on character structure, pronunciation and meaning are well coordinated.

Structure and details

The individual characters are initially given in normal script, then representative forms from the oracle bone inscriptions , the bronze inscriptions , the small seal script , the Lishu script (a simplified chancellery script derived from the small seal script that was used in the Han period ) are listed, which demonstrate the changes in the structure or writing of the characters; In addition, the development history of the sign is explained in a condensed form.

As far as possible, modern pronunciation according to the phonetic transcription scheme of the Pinyin spelling is given under the heading Pronunciation .

At the same time, according to the traditional fanqie method, the pronunciation of Middle Chinese ( 中古 音 , zhōngg früheryīn ; English Middle Chinese or earlier according to Bernhard Karlgren : Ancient Chinese ) is given. This mostly according to the song-time rhyming dictionaries Guangyun ( 廣韻  /  广韵 , Guǎngyùn ) and Jiyun ( 集 韻  /  集 韵 , Jíyùn ), less systematically according to the phonological glosses on classical works of Lu Deming 陸德明  /  陆德明 (556–627) in his Jingdian shiwen 经典释文 from the early Tang period.

The sound of Old Chinese or Antique Chinese ( 上古音 , shànggǔyīn ; English Old Chinese or earlier according to Bernhard Karlgren : Archaic Chinese ) are given according to 30 old rhyme classes ( 韻 部  /  韵 部 , yùnbù ) established by modern research .

Under the point Sign Meaning not only common meanings of common characters are dealt with, but also rarely used meanings of common characters and meanings of rarely used characters are examined and explained, accordingly also the meanings of characters in fixed word combinations from several characters (this usually includes special two-syllables such as e.g. 蟋蟀 , xīshuài (cricket) or 珊瑚 , shānhú (coral), whose symbols alone have no meaning. Also important is his information on exchange characters or loan letters ( 通 假 , tōngjiǎ ) used in historical practice , in which homophonic characters (with otherwise different meanings) are used instead of the actual character.

In the Hanyu zidian Since it is a character -Lexikon which mainly words from the written language treated, such as from classical Chinese literature language ( 文言 , wenyan ). In contrast, the Hanyu Da Cidian 漢語大詞典  /  汉语大词典 ( Great Chinese Dictionary ) is a dictionary in the traditional sense, with the emphasis on the mostly polysyllabic words ( 詞  /  词 , cí ), as they are mainly spoken Language occur, lies.

In the explanations and examples modern simplified characters or are abbreviations used everywhere else traditional characters .

In the appendix of the book is a 2965 Title comprehensive bibliography of sources consulted , the grain of salt is arranged chronologically. It is divided into six columns with the following information: serial number (from 1 to 2965) ( 序號  /  序号 , xùhào ), name of the author or compiler ( 編著 者  /  编著 者 , biānzhùzhě ), book title ( 書名  /  书名 , shūmíng ) , Abbreviation (of the book title) ( 簡稱  /  简称 , jiǎnchēng ), important (older) editions or prints ( 主要 版本 , zhǔyào bǎnběn ), reference works and editions referred to in the main part ( 參考書 及其 版本  /  参考书及其 版本 , cānkǎoshū jīqí bǎnběn ).

The frequently used new text finds from archaeological sources ( Mawangdui , Houma , Wuwei , Shuihudi , Yinqueshan etc.) as well as works on oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, stone inscriptions, etc. a. is usually indicated in the diagrams with complicated abbreviations.

For example, the abbreviation " 前 " (qián) in the diagram for the first keyword is the book title 殷墟 書 契 前 編  /  殷墟 书 契 前 编 , Yinxu shuqi qianbian from 羅振玉  /,  listed in the bibliography of the Hanyu da zidian under the number 2751 罗振玉 , Luo Zhenyu from 1911, a work that has been known to the small circle of western oracle bone inscription and bronze inscription friends at least since the phonological pioneering work of Bernhard Karlgren : the Grammata Serica (abbreviation GS ) or the reviewed version of this work: the Grammata Serica Recensa (abbr. GSR ) from 1957 is very familiar.

Together with the team of editors of the aforementioned twelve-volume dictionary Hanyu Da Cidian , for which an alphabetical index exists, an arrangement of the characters among 200 class heads ("radicals") was decided. As usual, the character index is arranged according to the number of additional lines.

The work was published by Xu Zhongshu ( 徐 中 舒 , 1898–1991) et al. published. The eight-volume edition of the work was published jointly from 1986 to 1990 by the Hubei Dictionary Press and the Sichuan Lexicographical Publishing House. A single-volume edition with identical content in small print ( 縮印 本  /  缩印 本 , suōyìnběn ) was published in 1993.

The huge inventory of characters in the Hanyu da zidian has recently been integrated into a database of Chinese characters at the University of Munich.

literature

  • Victor Mair (ed.): An Alphabetical Index to the Hanyu Da Cidian , Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004; ISBN 082482816X
  • Song Yan (1999): “v. ZACH Memorial Chinese Dictionary Article Translation Exchange Project, " Tantian shuodi 16: 14–15.
  • Zhongguo mingzhu da cidian (Dictionary of Chinese Masterpieces) , Huangshan Publishing House (Huangshan shushe), 1994.

swell

  1. ↑ http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/journal/summaries/number8/Chu%20Kwok%20Fan.htm
  2. ↑ 湖北 辭書 出版社  /  湖北 辞书 出版社 , Húběi císhū chūbànshè
  3. ↑ 四川 辭書 出版社  /  四川 辞书 出版社 , Sìchuān císhū chūbànshè
  4. ↑ ISBN 7-80543-239-2
  5. ↑ http://www.collectanea.lmu.de/schriftzeichen/hilfe.html

See also

Web links