Imperfect aspect
The imperfective aspect is a term used in linguistics . In contrast to the perfective aspect, it describes verb forms that represent events and states as incomplete, continuous or repeated.
Occasionally, the term is (incorrectly) used to define a form within the types of action . Actually, under “imperfective verbs” from the point of view of the classification of the action type “ durative verbs ” are identified, i. H. they mark a state or an event without a time limit, as permanent or not completed.
Individual language
The imperfective aspect is one of the three aspects of the hypothetical Indo-European original language , which is also part of the verbal paradigm in many of the subsequent languages. In many Indo-European languages , such as Greek, combining forms in verb morphology have developed for aspect and tense .
In the German language, the past tense past tense (he smoked) is often incorrectly called the imperfect due to the influence of French grammar , although forms like "he found" do not represent an unfinished action. The German past tense as a tense says nothing about the aspect. In French, for example, the tense Imparfait is firmly linked to the imperfective aspect and the tense Passé composé is linked to the perfect aspect.
This also applies to the Spanish language , in which the aspect appears as a morphological-grammatical category and the unfinished or ongoing and repetitive eventuality of an action is expressed by the pretérito imperfecto de indicativo . What is closed, precisely positioned in time, however, is denoted by the Pretérito indefinido de indicativo .
In the modern Greek language , the formal aspect distinction ( imperfect versus aorist ) is pronounced in the time stages of the past tense ( paratatikos versus aorist ) and the future tense . A distinction is also made between the two aspects in the imperative and subjunctive , which means that the aspect distinction also extends to part of the present tense . Only a few verbs do not have this aspect difference, because they always have an unfinished aspect due to the meaning (for example είμαι to be or χάσκω gape ). The verb stem with which the forms of the imperfective aspect are formed has different names in the modern Greek grammars, such as paratatic (παρατατικό), present (ενεστωτικό) or imperfective (ατελές) stem (θέμα).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans Ruge: Grammar of Modern Greek. Romiosini-Verlag, 3rd, expanded edition, Cologne 2002, p. 67.
- ↑ Μανόλης Τριανταφυλλίδης: Νεοελληνική Γραμματική. Original 1941, reprint Οργανισμός Εκδόσεως Διδακτικών Βιβλίων, Athens 2002, p. 174.
- ↑ Χρήστος Κλαίρης, Γεώργιος Μπαμπινιώτης: Γραμματική της Νέας Ελληνικής. Ελληνικά Γράμματα, Athens 2005, p. 507.