Implicit memory

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The implicit memory is that part of memory , which affects experience and behavior of man, without stepping into consciousness. The term serves to distinguish it from explicit memory , which contains, among other things, the autobiographical or episode memory, i.e. memory contents that can be reported on verbally. An important part of the implicit memory is the procedural memory , in which automated action sequences such as walking, cycling, etc. are stored.

The working of an implicit memory can be shown, among other things, with priming effects. If a stimulus implicitly activates memory content, this can influence the processing of a subsequent stimulus. A word (for example “anesthesia”) can unconsciously activate a word field (here: “operation ”) through association , so that a second word (for example “scalpel”) is recognized faster or easier.

Familiarity arises through multiple contacts without having to be consciously noticed. The mere exposure effect , according to which we evaluate things more positively after mere perception, is mostly based on implicit memory. This can also lead to the fact that we only consider statements to be true because we have heard them before (so-called truth effect ).

Learning through conditioning also usually remains in implicit memory.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ DL Schacter (1987): Implicit memory: history and current status ( Memento of the original from February 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.0 MB). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, pp. 501-518 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pages.pomona.edu
  2. ^ P. Graf, G. Mandler (1984): Activation makes words more accessible, but not necessarily more retrievable . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23, pp. 553-568
  3. ↑ L. Hasher, D. Goldstein, T. Toppino (1977): Frequency and the conference of referential validity . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, pp. 107-112
  4. ^ IM Begg, A. Anas, S. Farinacci (1992): Dissociation of processes in belief: Source recollection, statement familiarity, and the illusion of truth . Journal of Experimental Psychology, 121, pp. 446-458