Indian Civil Service
Indian Civil Service , also known by the acronym ICS , was the administrative elite serving the Indian government. It was founded by colonial rule in British India . Today's Civil Services of India are organized differently.
history
There were two exclusive groups of public service workers during the emergence of British rule in India . Employees of the higher service who came to India as " covenants " together with the East India Company were called " covenanted servants ", while those who had not signed a contract were called " uncovenanted ". The latter were generally given the lower positions. The distinction between covenanted and uncovenanted ended with the establishment of the Imperial Civil Service of India based on the recommendations of the Public Service Commission 1886-1887, although the term " covenanted " continued to be used for anyone in a paid position with a long-term contract - also for “ boxwallahs ” - peddlers wandering around with boxes .
The name Imperial Civil Service was later changed to Civil Service of India. Nevertheless, the designation Indian Civil Service (ICS) survived. The abbreviation ICS was still used to denote the approx. 2,000 covenanted public service employees. The Provincial Civil Service was also founded on the basis of the recommendations of the Aitchison Commission and consisted of two groups (cadres), the Provincial Civil Service and the Subordinate Civil Service (German subordinate public service). In the course of the further development of the various administrative departments, adjustments were made to this management structure. For example, the Forest Administration and Public Works Administration had both “imperial” and “provincial” branches. The basic pattern of the cadre scheme in the public service followed the recommendations of the Aitchison Commission.
For a long time, the Indian Civil Service was an elite group of British civil servants who liked to cultivate their racist prejudices about uneducated Indians. In 1866 it was possible for the first time through persistent lobbying work by the Indian scholar and later first MP Dadabhai Naoroji to hold entrance exams for the ICS in India and Great Britain, which led to the admission of the first 9 Indian officials to the ICS.
None other than the former Indian Civil Service member Cecil Rhodes described the “ deep conviction that every Englishman in India carries in his heart, from the highest to the lowest, from the plantation manager in his lonely bungalow to the editor-in-chief in the shining light of a provincial capital, from Chief Commissioner, who is subordinate to an important province, up to the viceroy on his throne - the conviction of each and every one of these men that he belongs to a race that God has determined to rule and rule . "
With the massive deaths in the bloody battlefields of the First World War , this racist self-confidence was lost: Fewer and fewer young British people were willing to serve in the Indian Civil Service. During the Second World War , British civil servants were hired from the Indian Civil Service. On New Year's Day 1947, just under 1,000 Brits were employed as members of the Indian Civil Service.
From 1934 the administration of India consisted of seven India-wide administrations and five central departments, all of which were under the supervision of the Secretary of State, and three central departments which were under the joint supervision of the province and the Indian Empire. The ICS and the Indian Police were in the delegated area, where the supervision of these administrations and their proposals was transferred from the Secretary of State to the provincial governments. It should be noted that the India-wide and first class administrations have been developed as the Central Higher Service since 1924 according to the Lee Commission report.
After the division of British India , the Pakistani parts of this administration were named Central Superior Services (CSP), while the Indian part kept its name Indian Civil Service.
Today's Indian Civil Service
While management and IT careers today have influenced the country's youth, the civil service has not lost the immense popularity that it has enjoyed over the years of British rule.
The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) replaced the ICS and the structures before the independence of the India-wide administrations, provincial or state administrations and central or union government administrations were retained.
The constitution allows the creation of civil services departments as India-wide or central administrations if they are decided by a two-thirds majority of the Rajya Sabha . The Indian Forest Service (dt. Indian forest administration) and the Indian Foreign Service (dt. Indian foreign service) are two administrations that arose under this constitutional premise.
Managing a vast and diverse country like India requires efficient management of its natural, economic and human resources. This is precisely the responsibility of the Civil Services. The country is managed by a number of Central Government Agencies in accordance with the policy directives of the ministries.
The construction of the Civil Services follows a certain basic pattern. The India-wide administrations, the central administrations and the state administrations together form the Civil Services.
The Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the Indian Police Service (IPS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS) are all three India-wide administrations.
The Indian Foreign Service (IFS), Indian Revenue Service (IRS) and 43 other administrations are part of the central administrations.
The State Administrative / Civil Service, the State Police Service and the State Forest Service are among the state administrations, the audit of which is carried out by the individual Indian states.
The UPSC Civil Services exams (Public Administration, Forestry Administration and Construction Administration exams) are among the toughest in the world, with only about 450 candidates selected from over 200,000 applicants annually. All three India-wide administrations - IAS, IPS, IFS (Indian Forest Service) and the two central administrations - IFS (Indian Foreign Service) and IRS - are among the most desirable administrations and only the candidates who belong to the top have a chance to enter.
Before entering civil services in India, one has to pass the exams that the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducts.