Individual education

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In the 19th century, the educational concept of the Enlightenment is referred to as individual education , as it placed a strong focus on the individual, the development of his or her autonomy and self-determination. The pedagogue Karl Mager , who introduced the term social pedagogy in 1842 , pointed out that this form of education needs to be supplemented by collective and state pedagogy.

Today, the term to designate a model of action or upbringing concept is primarily used for such educational measures in the context of state aid for upbringing, in which a child, adolescent or young adult who is clearly burdened but also has a behavior that is a burden on society and who has a special need for help is the only one Supervisor is available for his personal development through a developing relationship of trust with mostly inpatient accommodation, the level of care is 1: 1. Today, individual education is sometimes understood as a synonym for intensive education, but goes far beyond this. In addition to the personnel ratio (1: 1), the round-the-clock availability of the supervisor, the quality of personal bonding and participatory relationship work in a safe educational setting are decisive. In Germany, such and similar offers are regulated in SGB ​​VIII , § 27 ff.

In 1992, Rudi Krawitz tried to replace the term " special education ", which has been more and more controversial since the demands for integration and inclusion, with the term individual education, thereby making it clear that in an inclusive school the upbringing, education and teaching requirements are tailored to the individual needs of the individual child or adolescent must be coordinated.

literature

  • Eva Felka, Volker Harre (Hrsg.): Individual pedagogy in the aids for upbringing - legal principles, addressees, settings, methods . Schneider-Verlag, Hohengehren / Baltmannsweiler 2011, ISBN 978-3-8340-0818-3 .
  • Eva Felka, Volker Harre (Ed.): Individual pedagogical intensive care at home and abroad through the HUSKY project - evaluation of pedagogical work from 1990 to 2005 . Cologne 2006.
  • Willy Klawe: Evaluation study - young people in individual educational measures . Carried out by the Institute of the Rauhen Haus for Social Practice (isp) on behalf of AIM eV Cologne 2007.
  • Willy Klawe: Processes and effective factors of individual educational measures - An exploratory-reconstructive study . On behalf of the AIM Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft Individualpädagogik eV, carried out by the Institute of the Rauhen Haus for Social Practice gGmbH (isp). Cologne 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-029956-8 .
  • Rudi Krawitz : Education instead of therapy. From the sense of individual educational seeing, thinking and acting, Bad Heilbrunn 1992 (3rd edition 1997) Klinkhardt-Verlag, ISBN 3-7815-0865-X .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Joachim Henseler: How the social got into education: on the theoretical history of university social education using the example of Paul Natorp and Herman Nohl . Weinheim / Munich: Juventa 2000, 38 f.
  2. ↑ Stefan Fleuth: Supervision and coaching in individual educational youth welfare, statements on the effectiveness of this counseling method in youth welfare. Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag 2008, 5
  3. ↑ Friedhelm Güntert: Methodical Action, in: Eva Felka / Volker Harre (ed.) Individual pedagogy in the help for upbringing, p. 46 ff., Schneider Verlag, Baltmannsweiler 2011