Isle des Allumettes
| Isle des Allumettes | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| Waters | Ottawa River | |
| Geographical location | 45 ° 52 ′ N , 77 ° 3 ′ W | |
|
||
| length | 22 km | |
| width | 12 km | |
| surface | 120 km² | |
| Residents | 1443 (2006) 12 inhabitants / km² |
|
| main place | Chapeau | |
 |
||
The Isle des Allumettes , also Isle aux Allumettes , is an island in the Ottawa River in the Canadian province of Québec . It is 22 km long and up to 12 km wide, making it the largest island in Ottawa. At this point the river widens to form a lake with an area of around 120 km². The population was 1,443 in 2006. Of them, 78% had English as their mother tongue and 21% French.
Settlements
The largest places are Chapeau in the north, Demers Center and Demers in the south, to the west of it and also on the southern edge of the island is Desjardinsville, and finally Saint-Joseph in the southeast. There are several small lakes on the island, of which Lac Cranson in the southeast is the largest.
history
In the late 1950s, Clyde C. Kennedy began several excavation campaigns on the island that unearthed copper objects from the woodland period and older. Harpoon tips could be traced back to 4000 BC. To be dated.
Various groups of the Algonquin controlled trade across the Ottawa from an early stage. Therefore, Samuel de Champlain named the island Isle des Algoumequins in 1613 . They were the ancestors of today's Kichesipirini . Champlain sent the young Jean Nicolet to them in 1634 , and in 1629 their chief Tessouat was one of the five leaders of a coalition, but the English got ahead of her by conquering Québec. His village was probably on the Lac des Allumettes in the south of the island.
Only after Québec was French again in 1632 did the French return from 1634. They were supported by Jesuit missionaries. Despite their comparatively small number, the Kichesipirini held a monopoly on the trade, especially in skins and furs. Therefore they came into conflict with their neighbors, the Iroquois who also hunt fur animals. In 1636 Tessouat tried in vain to form a grand coalition against the Iroquois, but he got into disputes with the pro-French groups among the Hurons . Tessouat died a little later. In the course of the wars between the Iroquois and numerous other tribes, the local group was nearly wiped out by 1650. Trade on the river remained competitive until the Peace of Montréal in 1701
Nicolas Perrot (1644-1717) mentions an Isle du Borgne autrement ditte l'Isle des Allumettes (island of the one-eyed man, also called the island of matches) in his travel notes . The one-eyed man meant Tessouat. He may be the successor to the tessouat that Champlain met.
For the first time on a map from 1680, the name of a waterfall on the island appears as Sault des Allumettes (matchstick falls).
It was not until 1818 that the first Europeans settled on the island. They were mostly employees of the Hudson's Bay Company , who had a trading post upstream called Fort William. The main source of income was logging and transport across the river. Therefore, most of the residents lived in the south of the island. One of the first missionaries, perhaps the first, was James Lynch, who reached the island on September 24, 1843. Saint-Alphonse-de-l'Île-aux-Allumettes was the first church there to be built in 1840. The township Île-aux-Allumettes was established in 1847.
After a fire raged in the south in 1853, many residents moved to the northern edge of the island, especially to Chapeau. This place became an independent municipality in 1874. In 1910, Saint-Joseph-de-l'Île-aux-Allumettes was established in the east of the island, which rose to become a municipality as early as 1920 and also left the township. They retained their independence until the end of the 20th century. On December 30, 1998, Chapeau Village and the Municipalitys L'Isle-aux-Allumettes and L'Isle-aux-Allumettes-Part-East were combined to form the Municipality of L'Isle-aux-Allumettes.
swell
- RPJ Tailhan (Ed.): Mémoir sur les moeurs, coutumes et religions des Sauvages de l'Amérique septentrionale par Nicolas Perrot , Leipzig, Paris 1864. ( online )
- Jackie Patterson (Ed.): 1871 census of Allumette Island, Pontiac County, Québec. Upper Ottawa Valley Genealogical Group, 2000.
literature
- Peter T. Hanley: The surficial geology and river terraces of Allumette Island and adjacent parts of Ontario and Quebec. University of Ottawa 1972.
- Clyde C. Kennedy: The Allumette Island I (ALI) Site. Field Report to the National Museum of Canada. Ms. 1963.
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ James S. Molnar: Partners of the Past. Making Connections in the Ottawa River Valley. The Ontario Archaeological Society Symposium. Ontario Archaeological Society 2005, p. 10.
- ^ Consul Willshire Butterfield: History of the Discovery of the Northwest by John Nicolet in 1634 - With a Sketch of his Life. 1881, p. 43.
- ^ Francis Parkman, David Levin: France and England in North America, Volume 1, 1983, p. 276.
- ↑ Tessouat . In: Dictionary of Canadian Biography . 24 volumes, 1966–2018. University of Toronto Press, Toronto ( English , French ).
- ↑ Cyprien Tanguay: Répertoire général du clergé canadien par ordre chronologique depuis la fondation de la colonie jusqu'à nos jours , Québec 1868, p. 219.