Jewish community Verden (Aller)

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The Jewish community in Verden , the district town of the Verden district in Lower Saxony , emerged from the second half of the 16th century.

history

Drawing of the synagogue in Verden (19th century)

The prayer room of the Jewish community was initially in a private house on Langestrasse. A synagogue is first mentioned in 1816. In 1857/58 a new synagogue was built on Johanniswall .

The majority of the Jewish citizens who lived in Verden at the beginning of the 1930s earned their living in retail. There were also four Jewish cattle dealers.

time of the nationalsocialism

After the NSDAP came to power in 1933, the existence of the community members was increasingly threatened. Many left the city. The number of Jewish businesses continued to decline; in early November 1938 there were only four Jewish retail businesses left in Verden.

On November 10, 1938 , the synagogue was destroyed and the windows of the Jewish shops were smashed.

At the end of 1939, around 30 citizens of the Jewish faith were still living in Verden. Most of them were deported to the Minsk ghetto via Bremen in November 1941 . Only one of them returned.

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 36 Jewish citizens born in Verden who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

Community development

year Parishioners
1816 29
1833 54
1845 46
1860 82
1864 109
1873 138
1885 109
1905 96
1925 87
1933 78
1938 41
1945 2

Commemoration

A memorial plaque with a Hebrew and a German inscription was placed opposite the site of the destroyed synagogue in 1966. This reads: "The city of Verden donated this plaque in memory of our Jewish fellow citizens of the city and the synagogue that stood on Johanniswall and was vandalized on November 9, 1938."

In 1993, a memorial for the Jewish victims of National Socialism was erected in front of the Johanniskirche . The stele bears the names of the Jewish victims and their places of death.

Stumbling blocks

See: List of stumbling blocks in the Verden district

See also

literature

  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 3: Ochtrup - Zwittau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08079-6 ( online version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Commemorative Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Retrieved November 7, 2018.