Iupiter Dolichenus
Iup (p) iter Dolichenus was a soldier god from the last third of the 1st century, who was worshiped mainly in the Roman army. It had its origins in the city of Doliche (Dolike) , where for a long time an important place of worship of the Ba'al was located.
Doliche is about ten kilometers from the city of Gaziantep near the village of Dülük in the Kommagene , in the province of Gaziantep in southeastern Turkey on the upper Euphrates .
The cult of Iupiter Dolichenus goes back to the northern Mesopotamian weather god Hadad , Babylonian Adad , who was shown standing on a bull with a double ax and a bundle of lightning .
After the conquest of the city of Doliche by the Romans in the last third of the 1st century and its incorporation into the province of Syria , the cult was transferred to the god Jupiter and quickly spread as the "soldier god " throughout the Roman Empire .
After the destruction of the main sanctuary in Doliche by the Sassanid king Shapur I in the middle of the 3rd century, the cult came to an end.
See also
literature
- Joachim Pahl: The cult of Jupiter Dolichenus. Expansion, self-image, decline. Dissertation. Münster (Westphalia) 2010 ( PDF; 61.3 MB ).
- Michael P. Speidel : Jupiter Dolichenus. The sky god on the bull (= small writings on the knowledge of the Roman occupation history of Southwest Germany, Volume 24). Stuttgart 1980.
- Monika Hörig, Elmar Schwertheim: Corpus Cultus Iovis Dolicheni: CCID (= Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain Volume 106). Leiden 1987, ISBN 90-04-07665-4 .
- Anke Schütte-Maischatz, Engelbert Winter : Doliche - a commagenic city and its gods: Mithras and Iupiter Dolichenus (= Asia Minor Studies Volume 52). Habelt, Bonn 2004, ISBN 3-7749-3240-9 .
- Michael Blömer, Engelbert Winter (Ed.): Iuppiter Dolichenus. From local cult to imperial religion (= Oriental religions in antiquity, Volume 8). Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-16-151797-6 .
- Guy Bunnens: The Storm-God in Northern Syria ans Southern Anatolia from Hadad of Aleppo to Jupiter Dolichenus. In: Manfred Hutter: Official religion, local cults and individual religiosity. Ugarit-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-934628-58-3 , pp. 57-82.
