Kōrindō-aikidō
Kōrindō-Aikidō ( Japanese光 輪 洞 合 気 道) is the form of the ancient Japanese Budō developed and taught by Hirai Minoru (1903-1998) . The term "Aikidō" for this integrated Budō is relatively new and was created in 1942 in the Dainippon Butokukai (DNBK) with the help of Hirai . Hirai comes from the classic Jiu Jitsu , among other things , the decisive principle for him is circular or ball-like turns (ducks and ryuts). A distinctive difference to the commonly known Aikidō is the form of taisabaki and the greater importance that randori is attached to in training.
The system
The training in Kōrindō-Aikidō is divided into three stages:
- taisabaki , consisting of eight forms that are used for independent practice. They lead to the acquisition of the basic skills of Hirai's Budo such as yawara and koshi- mawashi ;
- kumikata or kata for short , partner exercises that are not the end purpose, as is usually the case, but also lead to the understanding of the principles, and
- randori , a form of exercise with a partner that approximates free, real combat situations, or variants thereof such as enrandori , a slowed down form that emphasizes the circle principle or ransen , free partner exercises with several attackers.
What is special about the taisabaki form of exercise is that it helps to realize a principle of movement that is based on circular or spherical rotations and thus assumes the function of a matrix. If the feet are close, the attempt is made to start all movements in the center ( hara ), which promotes smoothly flowing ( yawara ) and continuous ( rods ) movements that are not interrupted by any jerky approaches. In this way, taisabaki forms the basis for all possible forms of martial arts: from taisabaki , practiced without a weapon, taijutsu , with the sword becomes kenjutsu and with the stick ( jō ) jōjutsu , with the lance ( yari ) yarijutsu , etc. With others In other words: a single principle, namely the circular or spherical rotations, is sufficient to enable the different actions required in a real situation. It is expressed in the term koshi-mawashi , something that is thought of as rotational turns to be made in the center. In a real threat situation, one cannot rely on well-rehearsed techniques, since not only every situation but also every opponent is different. So there are never two absolutely identical situations, so only a principle based on naturalness can lead to success.
Development history
Aikidō is that variant of Japanese Budō that was practiced by Ueshiba Morihei and is essentially still practiced by his various successors.
It was not always so. Originally it was understood to mean that Aikidō, which was represented by Hirai Minoru within the Dainippon Butokukai (DNBK). One therefore spoke of the Butokukai Aikidō.
The term goes back to a decision that was made in the DNBK. This organization was founded on April 28, 1895 at the instigation of the Japanese government and at that time the main association for the promotion of Japanese martial arts. The most important representatives of all Budo styles were gathered in it. Hirai Minoru also held various managerial positions in her.
This state institution had the assertion of the Japanese martial arts against the rapidly growing in popularity western sports as the goal and in their own way to serve the physical training of the Japanese youth. In a lengthy discussion process within the organization mentioned, it was finally agreed to use the name Aikidō for the integrated Budō system represented by Minoru Hirai, which summarized all forms of fighting, with or without a weapon, that had been split up into individual disciplines. Hirai Minoru was appointed as their chief teacher " hanshi " (see certificate from September 5, 1946 in the book mentioned below). This made Hirai the first and supreme representative of Aikidō within the Dainippon Butokukai and also the sole holder of this highest title that was to be achieved within the Dainippon Butokukai.
As early as March 1938, he had founded his own dōjō called "Kōkadō" in his homeland in Okayama. In 1945 he set up a dōjō in Shizuoka and in 1953 another in Tokyo, which acted as Honbu Dōjō under the name Kōrindō. He summarized all three Dōjō to Kōrinkai, with which the name Kōrindō-Aikidō was established. Since the term Aikidō, as Hirai always emphasized, was and is neither a protected name, for example in the sense of a registered trademark, anyone was free to use this name. So Ueshiba began to use the name Aikidō for his Dōjō after he had already used a number of other identities, such as Kōbudō-Aikibudō, Aikijutsu, Tenshin-Aikidō (from 1944) and Busan-Aikidō (from 1948). As Mochizuki Minoru (1907-2003), a student of Ueshiba since about 1930 and personally acquainted with Hirai, confirmed in his book from 1995, the Aikidō taught in the Kōrindō-Dōjō is the same that Hirai already represented in the DNBK.
Hirai and Ueshiba had met before the war in Okayama Prefecture in western Japan, whereupon Ueshiba transferred the management of his dōjō and the training direction to Hirai, while he himself spent the war time in the countryside north of Tokyo, in Iwama, where Saitō Morihiro (Takemusu Aikidō) later led a dōjō.
When Hirai was then appointed to the DNBK, he transferred his offices to Ōsawa Kisaburō. So it was not the case that Hirai, as is often claimed, was sent by Ueshiba as a representative of the Kōbukan, as Ueshiba's Dōjō was then still called. Rather, Hirai had recognized that his own approach to Budō was fundamentally different from that of Ueshiba, and he was convinced that his path was the right one, to which he intended to stick. Thus, the frequently encountered representations are incorrect, according to which Hirai is said to have been a student of Ueshiba, such as Saitō Morihiro or Tōhei Kōichi .
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General
- Interview with Minoru Hirai . In: Aikido Journal 1994, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 10-15.
- Minoru Mochizuki: "Michi" to "tatakai" wo wasureta nihon budō ni katsu! . Tokyo 1995.
- Narita Shinjuro: Kōrindō-Aikidō. The Hirai Minoru's Budo system . Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2007, ISBN 978-3-8334-9086-6 .
Footnotes
- ↑ Interview with Mochizuki Minoru in AIKI NEWS No. 55, June 1983
Web links
- Kōrindō Aikidō groups and centers in Germany
