Bevel gear axle drive

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Bevel gears are axle drives that transmit torques at an angle, the axle angle (usually 90 °). The central machine elements are the drive bevel gear (pinion) and the ring gear (wheel).

A distinction is made between bevel gears without offset, which can be straight or spiral teeth, and bevel gears with offset ( hypoid bevel gears ).

The main user of bevel gears with an offset is the automotive industry in vehicles in which the axle is driven by a cardan shaft (longitudinal shaft). This mainly includes vehicles with a front engine and rear axle drive (almost all trucks , some cars ). Commercial vehicles often have bevel gears with spiral teeth for the axle drive.

Advantages of hypoid bevel gears compared to spiral bevel gears

  • Better running smoothness, quieter running, as a larger number of teeth are in mesh with one another at the same time ("jump overlap").
  • higher load capacity, as the diameter and the tooth widths of the drive bevel gear are larger.
  • Advantages in terms of installation space, since the axes of the crown wheel and bevel pinion are not in one plane ("skewed"). This allows the drive shaft to be installed further down in the rear axle drive in vehicles with a front engine and driven rear axle. This results in a lower height for the transmission tunnel. The rolling tooth flanks of bevel gears only slide in the root-head direction, with real rolling without sliding movement occurring here, analogous to spur gears on the partial line (also partial cone).

Common misalignment

  • in the passenger car sector: 10% to 25% (with regard to crown wheel diameter)
  • in the truck and bus sector: 8% to 12% (with regard to crown wheel diameter)

Disadvantages of the hypoid bevel gears compared to the spiral bevel gears

  • Inferior efficiency than spiral bevel gears, resulting in higher sliding speeds and more critical heat dissipation, which is why spiral bevel gears are used almost exclusively in racing, for example
  • Because of the higher temperatures, there is less security against the damage type seizing . As a result of the axial offset, in addition to sliding in the direction of the foot to the head, longitudinal sliding in the direction of the toe-heel occurs when the tooth flanks are rolled over. Hypoid gears generally have higher relative speeds in the foot-to-head direction than bevel gears. In connection with the additional longitudinal sliding, there are more friction losses. Therefore, hypoid gears are less efficient than bevel gears. The material for hypoid gears is subject to increased quality requirements and they usually have to be lubricated with hypoid oils, which are gear oils with special additives.

Tooth types

Bevel gears with an arc of a circle ( Gleason ) or an extended epicycloid (Oerlikon, Klingelnberg-Zyklo-Palloid method ) as a longitudinal tooth curve are most common . However, there is also a method in which the longitudinal tooth curve is an involute (Klingelnberg-Palloid method).

Gleason circular arc toothing

  • The longitudinal shape of the tooth are parts of an arc.
  • The backs of the teeth become wider from the inside out
  • The tooth heights become smaller inward,
  • The production takes place in the so-called single part process, i.e. That is, the tooth gaps are created one after the other.

Oerlikon and Klingelnberg (epicycloid) interlocking

  • The longitudinal shape of the tooth is part of an elongated epicycloid
  • The backs of the teeth become narrower from the outside in.
  • The tooth height is constant over the entire tooth width.
  • The production takes place in the so-called continuous partial process, i.e. H. the tooth gaps are created simultaneously in one process.

Klingelnberg palloid toothing

  • The tooth shape corresponds to the section of a spiral.
  • The backs of the teeth are equally wide inside and outside
  • The tooth height is constant over the entire tooth width.