Larynx muscles
The larynx ( Latin: larynx ) is surrounded and moved by various skeletal muscles , which are known as the larynx muscles ( laryngeal muscles ). They have different effects on the glottis and the vocal cords .
The muscles are mostly named after the two cartilages between which they run:
- Thyroid cartilage ( lat.Cartilago thyreoidea )
- Cricoid cartilage ( lat.Cartilago cricoidea )
- Placing cartilages (lat. Cartilago arytaenoidea )
- Epiglottic cartilage ( lat.Cartilago epiglottica ).
Larynx muscles of man
| Latin name | origin | approach | Innervation | function | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| External larynx muscles | ||||||
| Cricothyroid muscle | Arcus of the cricoid cartilage | Lower margin and lower horn of the thyroid cartilage | R. externus of the N. laryngeus superior | Moves the cricoid cartilage up / back, which tightens the vocal cords | ||
| Internal larynx muscles | ||||||
| Musculus cricoarytaenoideus posterior (short: Posticus ) | posterior outer surface of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage | Processus muscularis of the control cartilage | Inferior laryngeal nerve | pulls Proc. muscularis backwards, opens (as the only muscle) glottis | ||
| Cricoarytaenoideus lateralis muscle | upper edge and outer surface of the arcus of the cricoid cartilage | Proc. muscularis of the control cartilage | pulls Proc. muscularis inwards, thereby closing the glottis | |||
| Thyreoarytaenoideus muscle | Inner surface of the thyroid cartilage | Anterior and lateral surface of the control cartilage | Closing the glottis | |||
| Arytaenoideus transversus muscle (unpaired) | backwards, between the anterior cartilage | |||||
| Arytaenoideus obliquus muscle (paired) | Proc. muscularis of the control cartilage | Apex of the other anterior cartilage | ||||
| Thyreoepiglotticus muscle | Anterior surface of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage | Proc. vocalis | Adducts the vocal cords | |||
| Aryepiglotticus muscle | Apex of the cartilage | Lateral surfaces of the larynx | Adducts the vocal cords | |||
| Vocalis muscle | Angle between the two laminae of the thyroid cartilage | Proc. vocalis | causes internal tension in the vocal cords and closes the glottis | |||
Special features of the other mammals
In the non-primates, the larynx muscles behave in exactly the same way, with a few differences. Please note the following:
- The muscle cricoarytaenoideus posterior is muscle cricoarytaenoideus dorsalis called. It is also the only glottis dilator in animals, while all other muscles constrict the glottis.
- The thyreoarytaenoideus muscle in horses and dogs is divided into two muscle legs , namely the anterior ventricularis muscle and the posterior vocalis muscle . Between these two muscle strands, the lateral laryngeal pocket ( ventriculus laryngis ) protrudes to the side from the interior of the larynx .
- Horses also have a thyreoarytaenoideus accessory and a tensor ventriculi laryngis muscle .
- The hyoepiglotticus muscle (between the hyoid bone and the epiglottis) is also included in the larynx muscles .
- Arytaenoideus obliquus , aryepiglotticus, and thyreoepiglotticus muscles are absent from most non-primates.
literature
- Franz-Viktor Salomon: respiratory system. In: In: Franz-Viktor Salomon, Hans Geyer, Uwe Gille (ed.): Anatomy for veterinary medicine. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Enke, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8304-1075-1 , pp. 324-367.