Warp thread

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Warp thread (1) and weft thread (2)

The warp threads (also chain , slip , elevator , anciently called shipyard ) are the threads that are stretched lengthways in a loom in the weaving mill . In the finished fabric , they lie parallel to the selvedge , while the weft threads run across it.

Warp threads are used in preparation for the actual weaving process either

  • sharpened , d. H. wound up in individual ribbons, thread “flocks” on a warping frame, frame or warping machine and then raised , d. H. wound onto the so-called warp beam , a roller in the loom
  • or tagged, d. H. wound up into small sub-trees, settled and then "reared up" several parts list on a warp beam summarized.

Every single warp thread has to be passed through a strand and through the reed before it can be tied to the so-called loom tree. During weaving, the insertion of weft threads at right angles to the warp threads means that the fabric that is wound onto the roller-shaped fabric tree grows .

The way how the warp threads are arranged through the strands on different shafts or in Jacquardlitzen determines the binding and thus also patterning of the fabric. They are raised or lowered in different ways to form the shed . One speaks of a warp lift when the warp thread is on the right (upper) side of the fabric above the weft thread, or of warp lowering when it is below it.

Warp threads are exposed to higher mechanical loads than weft threads due to the shedding, so if the thread requires it, they are additionally treated with size in order to prevent thread breaks and strong abrasion. As a rule, the warp thread is thinner than the weft thread.

The use of dyed warp and / or weft threads enables colored patterns, one then speaks of colored fabric.

In the manufacture of textile goods, individual parts are usually cut out of the fabric so that their longer side follows the course of the chain.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Georg Krünitz : Economic Encyclopedia or general system of the state, city, house and agriculture . Volume 235. Berlin 1856. Keyword "weaving" ( online version )