Classification of occupations 2010
The Classification of Occupations 2010 ( KldB 2010 ) was developed and introduced in 2011 by the Federal Employment Agency and the Institute for Employment Research with the participation of the Federal Statistical Office and the Federal Ministries concerned, as well as experts in professional and empirical (social) research . The KldB 2010 was completely redeveloped and replaces the classification of occupations from 1988 and 1992. It realistically depicts the current occupational landscape in Germany and at the same time offers high compatibility with the international occupational classification - ISCO-08 ( International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008).
Systematic structure of the KldB 2010
The classification of occupations 2010 is structured hierarchically and comprises five numerically coded structure levels. A number was assigned for each level of structure. As a result, the KldB 2010 system in its entirety comprises a five-digit number code. Each number code or key of the KldB 2010 is provided with a specific designation. Both are shown in the systematic directory of the KldB 2010.
In accordance with the occupational definition used , the KldB 2010 structures occupations based on two dimensions: professional expertise and level of requirement.
| level | designation | Labelling | amount of positions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Professional areas | 1-digit | 10 |
| 2 | Major occupational groups | 2-digit | 37 |
| 3 | Occupational groups | 3-digit | 144 |
| 4th | Professional subgroups | 4-digit | 700 |
| 5 | Professional categories | 5-digit | 1,286 |
Professionalism
The primary, structuring dimension is professional expertise. It is used to group professions on the upper four levels according to their similarity based on the activities, knowledge and skills that characterize them. At the top level, the KldB 2010 consists of ten occupational areas (see Table 2). These are divided into 37 main occupational groups on the second level, 144 occupational groups on the third level and 700 occupational subgroups on the fourth level.
| Key of the KldB 2010 | Professional area |
|---|---|
| 1 | Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and horticulture |
| 2 | Raw material extraction, production and manufacturing |
| 3 | Construction, architecture, surveying and building technology |
| 4th | Natural science, geography and computer science |
| 5 | Transport, logistics, protection and security |
| 6th | Commercial services, trade in goods, distribution, hotel and tourism |
| 7th | Business organization, accounting, law and administration |
| 8th | Health, social affairs, teaching and education |
| 9 | Language, literature, humanities, social and economic sciences, media, art, culture and design |
| 0 | military |
Skill level
Only on the lowest structure level (5th level) is there a subdivision of the professional units based on the second dimension - the requirement level. The requirement level reflects the complexity of the work to be performed and can have up to four different characteristics.
Requirement level 1: Helper and training activities
Professions assigned to level 1 typically include simple, less complex (routine) activities. As a rule, little or no specific specialist knowledge is required to carry out these activities. Due to the low complexity of the activities, no formal vocational qualification or only one-year (regulated) vocational training is generally required. All helper and training activities as well as one-year (regulated) vocational training are assigned to requirement level 1.
Requirement level 2: professionally oriented activities
Professions to which requirement level 2 is assigned are significantly more complex and more specialized than helper and training activities. This means that well-founded specialist knowledge and skills are required for the proper performance of these activities. Requirement level 2 is usually reached after completing two to three years of vocational training. Comparable with this degree are e.g. B. a vocational qualification from a vocational school or college. Appropriate work experience and / or informal professional training are considered equivalent. At requirement level 2, all professions are located that correspond to the work of a skilled worker in terms of their degree of complexity.
Requirement level 3: complex specialist activities
The professions with requirement level 3 are significantly more complex than the professions assigned to requirement level 2 and are associated with special knowledge and skills. The requirements for technical knowledge are therefore higher. In addition to the respective specialist activities, planning and control activities, such as B. Work preparation, resource deployment planning as well as quality testing and assurance. Often the knowledge and skills required for this are imparted in the context of professional training. The occupations which have been preceded by a master craftsman or technician training or an equivalent technical college or university degree are assigned to requirement level 3. Are regarded as equivalent z. B. the completion of a technical academy or a vocational academy, the completion of a technical college of the former GDR as well as the bachelor's degree at a university. Corresponding work experience and / or informal vocational training can often be sufficient for exercising the profession.
Requirement level 4: highly complex activities
The occupations are assigned to requirement level 4 whose activity bundles are very complex or require a correspondingly high level of knowledge and skills. Highly complex activities are characteristic of professions at level 4. These include B. Development, research and diagnosis activities, knowledge transfer as well as management and leadership tasks within a (large) company. As a rule, these professions require at least four years of university education and / or relevant professional experience. The typically required vocational qualification is a university degree (master’s degree, diploma, state examination or similar). Some professions or activities may also require a doctorate or habilitation.
| Key of the KldB 2010 | designation | Assigned occupations (examples) |
|---|---|---|
| xxxx1 | Helper and training activities | Health and Nursing Assistant (81301) |
| xxxx2 | professionally oriented activities | Health and nursing care (81302) |
| xxxx3 | complex specialist activities | Specialized nurse (81313) |
| xxxx4 | highly complex activities | General practitioner (81404) |
A special feature within the structure of the professional subgroups is that supervisors and managers are separated from the specialists. Then the “9” in the fourth position of the numerical key indicates that this professional sub-group is exclusively assigned to supervisory and managerial staff. The supervisory staff include in particular the master trades, but also leaders of (smaller) groups consisting of specialists and assistants, such as B. Team leader or station leader. The executives, on the other hand, are assigned those activities that are characterized by a more comprehensive management function with personnel and budget responsibility and i. d. Usually lead a department, a branch or an entire company (e.g. managing director or department head). Since the work of a supervisor is less complex compared to the work of a manager, but is significantly more complex than the work of a specialist, all supervisors are assigned requirement level 3. Due to the high complexity of a manager's job, requirement level 4 is inherent.
| Key of the KldB 2010 | designation | Assigned occupations (examples) |
|---|---|---|
| xxx93 | Supervisors | Ward Manager - Nursing (81393) |
| xxx94 | Executives | Clinic Director (81394) |
Job titles
Another central component of the KldB 2010 is the alphabetical directory of job titles, which includes around 24,000 job-market-relevant job and activity information. On the basis of this, occupational and activity information can be encrypted and evaluated in surveys across Germany. In addition, detailed descriptions were created for the individual classification units. These essentially include a list of the tasks, activities, knowledge and skills as well as the professions that characterize the classification unit. This enables the most precise possible encryption of the occupational and activity information.
Fields of application of the KldB 2010
The KldB 2010 is used in various areas. Within the Federal Employment Agency it is used to encrypt applicant and job offers and for statistics on the labor and training market and employment. The KldB 2010 is also used in occupational and labor market research, e.g. B. to analyze employment histories, job mobility and the subject of skills shortages in more detail. The federal and state statistical offices also use the occupational classification for many of their statistics (e.g. microcensus, census). Many national institutions in science, the press, administration and politics use this data to describe and analyze the situation on the labor market or to make political or administrative decisions.
literature
- Federal Employment Agency (Ed.): Classification of Professions 2010 . tape 1 : Systematic and alphabetical part with explanations. Nuremberg 2011.
- Federal Employment Agency (Ed.): Classification of Professions 2010 . tape 2 : Definitive and descriptive part. Nuremberg 2011.
- Wiebke Paulus, Ruth Schweitzer, Silke Wiemer: Classification of occupations 2010. Development and result . Method report of the statistics of the Federal Employment Agency. Nuremberg 2010 ( PDF ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Classification of Professions 2010 - Communication from the Federal Employment Agency. In: http://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/ . Federal Employment Agency, accessed on July 30, 2015 .
- ↑ a b Classification of Professions 2010 - Systematic Directory. ( MS Excel ; 972 kB) In: http://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/ . Federal Employment Agency, September 25, 2013, accessed on July 30, 2015 .
- ↑ Classification of Professions 2010 - Alphabetical List of Professions. ( MS Excel ; 2.0 MB) In: http://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/ . Federal Employment Agency, June 27, 2011, accessed July 30, 2015 .
- ↑ Classification of Professions 2010. Volume 2: Definitive and descriptive part. (PDF; 4.4 MB) In: http://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/ . Federal Employment Agency, accessed on July 30, 2015 .