Cohort isolation
A cohort isolation (also Group insulation ) is a disease hygienic measure for exposure prophylaxis to further spreading of infectious disease or multiresitenter pathogen to be prevented. In contrast to individual isolation, in which only one patient is spatially separated from contact with other susceptible people by means of hygienic protective measures , cohort isolation is based on shared spatial accommodation of the infected. Cohort isolation is always used when there are not enough individual rooms available in the event of an outbreak or an epidemic or when it is easier to provide similar care for patients in isolation .
The isolation of a group of people who are not sick or in whom no bacterial colonization has been found but who may be infected as contact persons is not referred to as cohort isolation, but rather as quarantine .
requirement
The prerequisite for cohort isolation is an infection with a similar pathogen that has been detected microbiologically or virologically , or an outbreak of a disease in which a similar pathogen can be assumed. The latter is often the case with seasonal outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis or seasonal influenza . If the epidemiological situation is known, in this case, with typical symptoms and possible contact of the patient with a source of infection, a pathogen detection is not required in order to apply cohort isolation.
A condition for cohort isolation is also the existing high level of contagiousness of the patient or an easy transferability of the pathogens through droplet or contact infection .
Typical pathogens in cohort isolation
Cohort isolation is often used in hospitals for infections with human noroviruses , human rotaviruses or influenza viruses . To contain multi-resistant pathogens, patients who have already been colonized without a specific disease are housed in cohort isolation. These germs often include gram-negative bacteria with an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL or MRGN germs) or evidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ). Due to the isolated occurrence of germ carriers of toxin- producing Clostridioides difficile strains, EHEC , Shigella , vancomycin -resistant enterococci ( VRE) or glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE), they tend to be treated individually. Patients with open tuberculosis are not placed in cohort isolation due to the variable resistance pattern, since mutual infection with differently resistant strains cannot be ruled out.
literature
- Sebastian Schulz-Stübner: Repetitorium Hospital Hygiene and Hygiene Officer Doctor. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-36863-9
- Franz Daschner, Markus Dettenkofer, Uwe Frank, Martin Scherrer: Practical hospital hygiene and environmental protection. 3rd edition, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-23746-4 , p. 166ff.
Individual evidence
- ^ Franz Daschner et al .: Practical hospital hygiene and environmental protection. 3rd edition, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-23746-4 , p. 192