Koishikawa Botanical Garden
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The Koishikawa Botanical Garden ( Japanese 小 石川 植物園 , Koishikawa shokubutsuen ) in Tokyo, Bunkyō (formerly Koishikawa ), officially Tōkyō daigaku daigakuin rigakukei kenkyūka fuzoku shokubutsuen ( 東京 大学 大 学院 理学系 研究 科 附属 植物園 ) from a garden of herbs 17th century back.
The garden
Originally, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi had set up a secondary residence there as the prince of Tatabayashi-han before he became a shogun. Since the Hakusan shrine stood there before, the complex was called "Hakusan goten" ( 白山 御 殿 ). After Tsunayoshi's death the property was abandoned, but then the 8th Shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune there, expanding the original facility, started a herb garden ( 薬 園 添 地 , yakuen soechi ). Since then, the garden extends in the shape of a rectangle from northwest to southeast over a length of approx. 800 m and a width of 200 m.
In 1721, the city doctor Ogawa Shōsen (1672-1760) used the Bittkasten set up by the shogunate and proposed a treatment center for the poor, which was then set up as yōshōjo ( 養生 所 ) in the herb garden. This facility no longer exists, but the associated source probably does. This spring was used during the Kanto earthquake in 1923 to supply the population in the area with drinking water.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the important botanist Aoki Konyō (1698–1769) worked in the garden. There he succeeded in growing sweet potatoes ( 薩摩 芋 , Satsuma-imo or 甘藷 , kansho ), which also thrive outside of Kyūshū and were available as food, especially in times of need. A memorial stone in the shape of a sweet potato reminds of this in the garden. Konyō, who u. a. Head of the library of the Shogunate ( Shomotsu bugyō ), wrote his thoughts on the sweet potato in the book "Banshokō" ( 蕃藷 考 ). He is venerated on his tombstone as "Professor Sweet Potato" - "Kansho-sensei".
At the beginning of the Meiji period, the treatment center was abandoned and attached to the medical school ( 大学 東 校 , daigaku tōkō ), the forerunner of the Medical Faculty of the University of Tokyo . In 1877, when the University of Tokyo was founded, the garden was transferred to its science faculty and has remained with it to this day. In 1886 Hirase Sakugorō (1856–1925) discovered the complex reproduction of the ginkgo and Ikeno Seiichrō (1866–1943) that of the Japanese sago palm (Sotetsu). The second. Director of the Botanical Garden, Miyoshi Manabu (1862–1939) had a. a. studied with Wilhelm Pfeffer in Leipzig.
The actual herb garden is on a hill. In the upper part is a stone slab area of 132 m² preserved that had been used to dry herbs. The lower part in front of the hill is occupied by a Japanese garden with a watercourse. This changing garden goes back to Tsunayoshi, the current layout shows influences from later times. Also in the lower part is the main building of the medical school mentioned on the northwest side, which was moved here in 1969.
The stock includes plants from East Asia, Japan, Korea, China and Taiwan as well as from other parts of the world. Many plants from earlier times have been preserved from the Tokyo area; the existence goes back 300 years. In the Botanical Garden, plaques on some trees remind that Thunberg and Siebold and Zuccarini first described them scientifically.
In 1902, a branch garden was created for alpine plants in the high-lying Nikkō .
Characteristics
- Operator: University of Tokyo, admission is charged
- First installation: 1684
- Area: 161,588 m²
- Existence: 1,400 trees, 1,500 shrubs, 1,100 tropical and subtropical plants
- Main building, library (20,000 volumes), greenhouse, laboratories, herbarium (1.7 million specimens)
Remarks
- ↑ The hillside path on the southeast side of the garden still bears the name Goten saka today .
literature
- Tokyo-to rekishi kyoiku kenkyukai (ed.): Tokyo-to no rekishi sampo (chu) . Yamakawa shuppansha, 2001, ISBN 4-634-29130-4 , pp. 153 ff.
Web links
Coordinates: 35 ° 43 ′ 11.3 " N , 139 ° 44 ′ 39" E