Combination (chess)

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A combination in chess is understood to be a forced sequence of moves which, through sensible interaction of the pieces - often with sacrifices - brings about a fast-paced contradiction solution and thus brings about a more advantageous position quality in the sense of a win or a draw . The prerequisite for every successful combination consists in a respective weight, time or space overweight. Alekhine called the combination the "heart of the chess game".

While a combination is the Zugauswahl the enemy usually by application of tactical coercive means ( chess bid , threat , exchange ) severely limited. It is not uncommon for him to have only one move available in a certain position.

In this way the variant tree (the branching possibilities of the game after each move) is reduced to a few sensible moves. Depending on the complexity of the position and the skills of the players, longer sequences of moves can be calculated in advance.

Combinations can be used to enforce tactical goals, for example checkmate , material gain, positional advantage, stalemate , continuous chess .

Examples

  a b c d e f G H  
8th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess rdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess kdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 8th
7th Chess pdt45.svg Chess bdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess qdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg 7th
6th Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 6th
5 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 5
4th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 4th
3 Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess rlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 3
2 Chess plt45.svg Chess blt45.svg Chess rdt45.svg Chess qlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg 2
1 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess rlt45.svg Chess klt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 1
  a b c d e f G H  
White to move

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The following combination of the game Zukertort - Blackburne, London 1883 is, according to Steinitz, one of the most beautiful in chess history:

26. g6xh7 + Kg8-h8
27. d4 – d5 +! e6 – e5
28. Qd2 – b4 !!
The real punch line of the combination, under queen sacrifice, the black queen should be distracted from e5. After 28.… Qe7xb4 Black is checkmated in seven moves starting with 29. Bb2xe5 +.
28.… Rc8 – c5
29. Rf1-f8 + Kh8xh7
30. Qb4xe4 + Kh7-g7
31. Bb2xe5 + Kg7xf8
32.Be5 – g7 +! Kf8 – g8
33. Qe4xe7 and Black gave up.
Ortueta - Sanz
Madrid, 1933
  a b c d e f G H  
8th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess rdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 8th
7th Chess pdt45.svg Chess rlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess kdt45.svg 7th
6th Chess --t45.svg Chess bdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 6th
5 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 5
4th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 4th
3 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess nlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg 3
2 Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 2
1 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess klt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 1
  a b c d e f G H  
Black to move

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This well-known combination revolves around the topic of pawn conversion .

This game is said to have been played in April 1933 in the 6th round of the Castilian Championship in the Centro Cultural de los Ejercitos y la Armada de Madrid . Ortueta, on the other hand, stated that it appeared in a training game. The position was often wrongly reprinted due to poor sources, which showed the combination without the pawns on e6 and g5.

30.… Rd8 – d2
31. Nc3 – a4 Rd2xb2 !!
32. Sa4xb2 c4-c3
33. Rb7xb6! c5 – c4!
Takes the d3-square from the knight, which he needs to block the pawn on c1.
34. Rb6 – b4 a7 – a5 !!
35. Sb2xc4 c3-c2
35. Rb4xc4 c3xb2 also leads to the conversion of Black's passed pawn. White gave up here or a few moves later.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The "Ortueta vs Sanz" position . According to JP de Arriaga, Madrid. In: EG 62, pp. 353–354 ( EG online archive ( Memento of the original dated December 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gadycosteff.com
  2. ↑ Tim Krabbé : Strangest coincidence ever - or hoax? The case of the Polish Rxb2 . http://www.xs4all.nl/~timkr/chess/rxb2.htm

literature

  • Isaak and Wladimir Linder: Chess. The lexicon . Sportverlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-328-00665-6 .
  • Ernst and Uwe Bönsch: chess theory, chess training. Methodological manual for teachers and students . Sportverlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-328-00869-1 .