Communicative movement therapy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Communicative exercise therapy (KomBT) is a non-verbal, action-oriented, complementary method of psychotherapy . In its depth psychologically oriented approach, it complements individual and group therapy. It creates a framework for the patients in the group to experience action. Through interpersonal encounters and solving common tasks, it enables the patient to consciously perceive disorders in the interpersonal area and their expression in the physical.

The therapist encourages the patient to reflect on what is happening in the here and now. This takes place initially in tracing and thinking. In the course of the therapy the patient learns to perceive his experience and behavior, to accept it and also to name it. The group helps each member to deal with it appropriately and to cope with new difficult tasks in the protection of the group and the therapist.

The most important contents for the different topics are: The perception of me, you and us. Getting to know your own needs and social behavior, promoting integration, turning to your inner being, the self. The confrontation with the ability to deal with and make decisions. Dealing with courage and risk and trust, promoting creativity as well as experiencing and dealing with emotionality.

history

Anita Kiesel, later Wilda-Kiesel, worked since 1960 as a physiotherapist in the department for psychotherapy of the neurological-psychiatric clinic of the then Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig. In the 1960s, doctors and psychologists under the direction of Christa Kohler looked for communicative psychotherapy (p. 113 ff), in addition to individual therapy based on depth psychology, for treatment methods that could complement group discussion therapy.

In the literature of the 1930s, Kiesel found references to the importance or inclusion of the physical in the treatment of mentally ill people ( Graf Dürckheim , Lucy Heyer-Grote , later Moshe Feldenkrais and Gerda Alexander ). With a direct student of Elsa Gindler ( Margarete Jaensch ), she experienced impressively the perception directed at the body.

Kiesel first worked according to the guiding principles of Heyer-Grote tension-solution, balance, body awareness, rhythm, spatial awareness and community relations. She found plenty of exercise material on these topics from the gymnastics and movement therapy of her profession. During her practical work, she found more and more exercises that helped her patients to recognize, accept and cope with the patterns of experience and behavior that had been changed by the mental illness. Eye contact, closeness and distance, feeling and accepting oneself now determined the group therapy.

In 1967 the Clinic for Psychotherapy at Leipzig University and the Medical Society for Psychotherapy organized a symposium on exercise therapy. The contact with representatives of similar therapeutic approaches, such as Helmuth Stolze (concentrative movement therapy, Munich); Ferdinand Knobloch and Milida Bendowa (psychogymnastics, Prague); Marianne Fuchs (breathing therapy, Erlangen) and Katharina Knauth (dance therapy, Dresden), confirmed to Kiesel that the addition of physical therapy to psychotherapy can form an important therapeutic approach.

The participation and active participation of the now trained specialist physiotherapists in the advanced training of doctors and psychologists in their advanced training seminars and communities from 1974 onwards gave Kiesel new insights into the development structure of group psychotherapy, which she transferred to communicative movement therapy.

From 1971 the training to become a "specialist physiotherapist for prophylaxis and physiotherapy of functional disorders and neuroses" (ibid.)

In 1972 Anita Kiesel founded a working group in which 20 specialist physiotherapists came together with the aim of further developing the method with their practical experience.

This group was accepted as an independent group in the Medical Society for Psychotherapy in 1976 and worked scientifically in the section dynamic group psychotherapy.

In 2003, the successor company "Society for Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology (GPPMP)" dissolved and the Communicative Movement Therapy working group founded the Academy for Communicative Movement Therapy, chaired by Anette Tögel . Training courses and the annual training meetings take place under the umbrella of the academy. The scientific management has Uwe Wutzler held.

The method

Communicative movement therapy is always group therapy. It is carried out in the context of inpatient or outpatient (day clinic) psychotherapy (today also adult and child and adolescent psychiatry, rehabilitation and addiction therapy facilities, penal measures).

In the social structure of the group, its members always enter into reciprocal relationships that are determined by the content and goals of the therapy. Communicative movement therapy pursues the same goals of changing the current psychophysical and social situation as conversation therapy. A therapeutic process emerges that leads to the actual development of a therapeutic group. The healing process begins when the group members have got to know the methods and goals of therapy and they accept them.

A therapy session as part of a psychotherapeutic treatment usually takes place once or several times a week and lasts between 45 and 90 minutes. It is carried out as an open, semi-open or closed group according to the therapy concept. Since it is part of the psychotherapeutic process, it complements the talk therapy or is closely related to it.

For the development of the therapeutic process taking into account the requirements of learning theory, phases of experience and learning are taken into account in therapy. There are the phase of orientation, the discussion and the work and emotional phase. Special attention is paid to the time of saying goodbye, the release from therapy, the group members and the therapist.

In therapy, objects are used to encourage interpersonal encounters. There are z. B. balls and sticks, towels, stones or buttons with which contact can be made to the other. In addition, each group member has a blanket that gives them protection, space and refuge.

The role of the therapist

The basic therapeutic attitudes such as empathy, positive appreciation and abstinence as well as authenticity according to Carl Rogers are the basic variables for behavior. These are supplemented by the special behavior of the therapist in the movement therapy group. There are the actions for the specification of the tasks, the observation as well as his reactions and reflections. The latter are of particular importance in therapy because they promote quiet reflection to reflect and consider the current experiences in the patient's experience and behavior and initiate verbal communication between group members.

The role of the therapist changes over the course of the therapy. While he sets the tasks and explains the corresponding exercises at the beginning of the therapy, he largely takes a back seat in the work phase, lets the group members find their own solutions and essentially promotes reflection on what is happening. (P. 137 ff)

Advanced training

In 1968 the first training courses in communicative movement therapy and concentrative relaxation took place at the Leipzig clinic. 1971 marked the beginning of advanced training for specialist physiotherapists at the Leipzig District Academy for the Institute for Advanced Training in Medieval Medical Professions. The framework training document was recognized by the state and led to a salary upgrade. (P. 35) In 1972 the working group Communicative Movement Therapy was founded with annual meetings lasting several days to exchange information. 1974 was a long-term active participation of some specialist physiotherapists in the further training of doctors and psychologists in intended dynamic group psychotherapy.

With the unification of Germany in 1990 the structures of further education and training in the GDR were smashed. The need for well-trained therapists remained. Anita Wilda-Kiesel developed a new training concept with the members of the working group Erika Eichhorn , Eveline Fredrich , Elfruna Orthmann , Anette Tögel and Dörthe Maria Zorr . Now the only goal was to train as a "Therapist for Communicative Movement Therapy". The target group was initially middle-class medical staff, primarily physiotherapists, later also occupational therapists, health and nursing staff, sports therapists, psychologists and doctors who work with the mentally ill. This training was completed on 10 weekends within a year. The method is taught with a total of 150 hours of theoretical and practical lessons as self-experience. This included self-study on disease theory and work in a clinic with the mentally ill as well as a final examination in theory and practice. At least two teaching therapists work simultaneously with the group on a topic. (P. 149 ff)

From 2020 the concept of advanced training was changed. It now includes 17 courses over a two-year period. The program has been significantly expanded in order to increase the quality and to better map and deepen the specific topics.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e (1) Anita Wilda-Kiesel; Anette Tögel; Uwe Wutzler: Communicative movement therapy: bridge between psychotherapy and body therapy . 1st edition Huber, Bern 2011, ISBN 978-3-456-84865-5 .
  2. ↑ Christa Kohler: Communicative Psychotherapy . Gustav Fischer, Jena 1968.
  3. ↑ KBT Concentrative Movement Therapy Basics and experiences . Second, supplemented edition. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg 1989, ISBN 978-3-662-08053-5 .
  4. ^ Lucy Heyer-Grote: Movement and breathing therapy . In: VE Frankl (ed.): Handbook of the theory of neuroses and psychotherapy, including important border areas . 1st edition. tape 4 . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich and Berlin 1959.
  5. ↑ Helga Hess; Kurt Höck: Psychotherapy reports . tape 40 . Institute for Psychotherapy and Neurosis Research, Berlin 1988.
  6. ↑ Wilda-Kiesel, Anita .: Communicative movement therapy . JA Barth, Leipzig 1987, ISBN 978-3-335-00035-8 .
  7. ↑ Christa Kohler; Anita Kiesel: movement therapy for functional disorders and neuroses . Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig 1972.
  8. ↑ Wilda-Kiesel, Anita .: Concentrative relaxation: a method for promoting body awareness and relaxation . Lau training systems, Reinbek 1993, ISBN 3-928537-10-5 .
  9. ↑ http://www.kommunikativebewendungstherapie.de/Seiten/Fortbildung.html