Conversion (linguistics)
The term conversion (also: zero dissipation , Nullderivation ) referred to in the linguistic word education teach a type of word formation in which a stem or a inflected word without changing the shape to a new part of speech is transmitted ( " Wortartwechsel without word formation elements").
Morphological conversion
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If the part of speech of the stem is changed without any further change in form, some authors also speak of morphological conversion or paradigmatic conversion . A strict criterion of simplicity is assumed: morphological conversion is restricted to simple bases, i. In other words , only stems that do not have a derivative affix (such as -ung , -heit , -keit etc.) can be used as a basis.
Syntactic conversion
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When an inflected word changes part of speech, some authors assign this not to morphology , but to syntax . Accordingly, this is then also referred to as syntactic conversion .
In German, the participles can generally be treated as a special case of the adjectives, so the last example would not be a conversion.
Since nouns in German cannot normally be increased and the gender can only change with additional morphemes, often the suffix { -in }, the treatment of the corresponding conversions as word formation products is problematic, and although they can assume a largely independent meaning, this remains transparent unidirectional derivation of nouns from adjectives is always possible. The same applies for the substantiation of the verbs without Endmorph { -ung }. Unlike most morphological conversions, both variants are productive at the same time. Eisenberg identifies the principle of “end station noun” in the syntactic conversion: Verbs and adjectives can be used as nouns (e.g. drive → drive , good → (the / the) good) , verbs can be used as Adjectives and thus also used as nouns ( choose → chosen → (the / the / the) chosen) ; however, there are no other possible uses.
Broader Conversion - Implicit Derivation
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Some authors define conversion less restrictively as a change of part of speech of a stem without the help of an affix . Correspondingly, in addition to the above cases, changes of speech with a change in the stem vowel are also regarded as conversions. Other authors, however, refer to these cases as implicit derivation .
literature
- Peter Eisenberg : Outline of the German grammar . 3. Edition. tape 1 : The word. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2006, ISBN 3-476-02160-2 , 7.3 Conversion, p. 294-300 .
- Andreas C. Hofmann: On the concepts of the feature-free change of word type and the regression in German and English in comparison. Stud.arb. Munich 2004, appears in: GOEDOC. Document server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, langzeitarch. at Open Access LMU, http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13923
- Wolfgang Fleischer: The classification of word formation processes . In: Booij et al. (Ed.): Morphology. An international handbook on inflection and word formation (= handbooks on linguistics and communication studies ). 1st half volume, no. 17 . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2000, p. 886-897 ( code : HSK 17.1).
- Susan Olsen: Word formation in German . Kröner, Stuttgart 1986.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Naumann 1986: 23, cited in Eisenberg 2006: 295
- ↑ a b c Flexion morphs are enclosed in curly brackets, articles are given in brackets for better understanding
- ↑ see e.g. B. Eisenberg 2006: 297ff, similar: Fleischer 2000: 894
- ↑ see e.g. B. Olsen 1986: 112
- ↑ Eisenberg 2006: 296f
- ↑ see e.g. B. Eisenberg 2006: 295, Fleischer 2000: 893