Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Paryż

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The mine Paryż , including Paris , ( Pol . Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Paryż , even Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Generał Zawadzki ) was a coal mine in Dąbrowa Górnicza , Poland . With the exception of a few remains on the Paryż site, all shafts have been filled in and all daytime facilities demolished.

history

Many very small, but also some larger collieries in the Dombrowa coal basin formed a composite mine, which in the meantime was General Zawadzki and when it was closed in 1995 the name Paryż. This article lists the main facilities of this mine.

Talk

Mine speeches around 1910

The mine Reden, named after Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Reden , existed from 1796 to 1934 in Dąbrowa Górnicza and had a size of 1.85 km².

In 1785 a coal seam was discovered by chance near the village of Dąbrowa close to the surface of the earth and was initially used for the personal needs of the residents of Będzin. After New Silesia was incorporated by Prussia (1795 to 1807), a mine was built there at the instigation of Redens, which initially produced 20,000 bushels of coal per year and was subordinate to the War and Domain Chamber in Wroclaw. As part of the conquest of large parts of Europe by Napoleonic troops, it came into the possession of the French Marshal Jean Lannes , then became the property of the Polish state and from 1876 part of the German-Italian Dabrowski coal mines. It came into Russian possession in 1897, and in 1925 it became part of the Franko-Polskie Towarzystwo Górnicze .

When the neighboring Constantine zinc smelter was founded in 1817 (calamine finds had also been found nearby), there was increased demand for coal, so that production could be increased. For this reason, a tunnel called Ulmann was excavated during this time and two shafts were sunk in 1839. One of them received a steam engine for the extraction and was 240 m deep. An underground fire in 1865 shut down operations for several years. Although a thorough modernization of the mine had begun in 1894, production only started again in 1899.

In 1836 the mine employed only 165 people and in 1912 there were only 772 workers.

In 1934, the board of the Dąbrowski Coal Mine Society decided to shut down the mine. Although there was another mine fire on July 9, 1935, the mine was operated again by Preussag during the German occupation from January 1941 .

In 1945 the construction site of the Paris / Paryż colliery was closed.

flora

The story of the Flora mine began in 1875 when Maciej Stochelski, northeast of Dąbrowa in the Gołonóg district, together with business partners founded a mine that was initially called Maciej. In 1883 it became the property of the Austrian National Bank.

Despite new investments z. In a steam engine, for example, production fell from 43,000 t in 1881 to only 1,146 t in 1895. Independent of this decline, several new mines were founded in the immediate vicinity of Maciej between the 1890s and the beginning of the First World War Names Nikolaus, Sophia, Johannes and Wladyslaw. All these plants were then consolidated in the Flora company in 1903. The majority owner, the Austrian National Bank, sold it to French investors in 1913 ( Towarzystwo Akcyjne Kopalni Węgla Flora ).

Initially, the mine only had a single extraction shaft, which was presumably named Shaft A and next to which there was processing. In 1912 the Albertschacht was added with a depth of 190 m; it was sunk deeper to 311 m in the twenties. There are also said to have been other shafts with the designations 2 and W respectively.

In 1905 the electrification of the plant began with the installation of the first generator. In the years 1907–1910 two more were bought, so that in the 1920s the colliery was able to cover half of its electrical energy requirements.

The following facilities were connected to the mine between 1890 and 1914: Zofia, Aleksander, Władysław, Mikołaj, Franciszek, Jan (see below) and Wiktoria (see below). The Ameryka (1909–1915), Baśka (1929–1936), Batory (1921–1924), Florian (1908–1913), Hanka (Neptun and Wiesław; 1925–1935) and Stanisław (1908–1935) mines also worked for a few years. 1934) self-employed in open-cast mining in the Flora mining area, in which tenants had acquired the mining rights.

During the Second World War , this mine was also administered by Preussag and merged with Paris / Paryż in 1940 . Shortly after the end of the war, the colliery sank because the water of the Black Przemsza had penetrated the mine workings via the Mariusz shaft due to the breach of a safety pier. The plant was not put back into operation and all shafts were filled between 1950 and 1958.

For two of the smaller mines listed above, here are short monographs:

Jan

The Jan (John) colliery was founded in 1874 on the border between the Dąbrowa Dębniki and Korzeniec colonies by Franciszek Łapiński, a Warsaw merchant, and his colleagues. As early as 1887, the majority of the shares in the mine were bought by the heirs of Count Walewski.

The colliery was a small but well-equipped and independent mine and had a total of eight steam engines. Due to the operator's negligence, a water ingress occurred in 1901, which also flooded the neighboring Barbara mine, killing three miners and injuring 23. After the mine workings had been swamped, the plant was flooded again in 1909, so that the operators decided to sell the mine to the neighboring company Flora.

In 1897 the mine produced 92,325 tons of coal, the highest yield ever. In 1900 it was 63,124 tons and in 1904 only 37,626 tons of coal.

Victoria / Wictoria

The Victoria ( Wiktoria ) colliery in Gołonóg was leased and operated by the Flora mine from 1900 to 1901 and from 1928 to 1938. It had previously been handed over to Joseph Lipinki by the Polish state together with Lipno. In the years 1928–1938 there was an independent company consol. Victoria, whose partners were Piotr Kozłowski and Ignatius Meitlis. The production in 1937 (maximum) was 95 611 t.

Mars

Mars was the largest mine in Będzin-Łagisza, owned by Towarzystwo (Society) Saturn.

Many smaller plants, which initially operated independently and were mostly founded by Maciej Stochelski, belonged to Mars, u. a. Alma (1910 still independent with 350 employees; closed in 1920) and Dorota, from whom the seams of the Reden fringe groups were dismantled between 1829 and 1834 and on the topographical map 1: 25,000 sheets Laurahütte from 1942 also as "Kp. omitted Mars ”can be found.

In 1921, the Saturn company started mining 1 to 2 m thick seams at depths of 40 to 65 m. Initially, it was carried out as a painting pillar, where after the carpentry had been brought in, the charred fields were broken as planned. Only in the years 1927 to 1939 was the flushing offset chosen for the 2 m thick seam 816.

The mine’s production increased to 1.41 million t during the Second World War, although this involved considerable wear and tear and neglect of the equipment.

At the end of the war, Mars was spun off from the Saturn association, briefly attached to Paris / Paryż and merged with other mines in the Dombrowa coal basin to form General Zawadzki (see below) on January 1, 1946.

Koszelew

This mine, located between Bedzin and Dąbrowa Górnicza, was founded in 1825 and was initially named Xavier in honor of the Polish Minister of Treasury Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki . It belonged to the Polish Ministry of Finance (Treasury of the Kingdom of Poland). When Koszelew was the first underground construction shaft to be sunk in 1875, the entire mine was given this new name. A year later, two Russian officers, Alexei Plemiannikow and Antoni Riesenkampf, bought it and leased it to the German-Italian bank based in Paris for 90 years. Since the buyer and leaseholder were the same as with the Paris mine (see below), both mines were operated and administered together. Initially, the Koszelew shaft was used for mining, after the Paris shaft was brought down (see below) it was only used for rope travel.

CHP Paris / Paryż

The Paris colliery was founded together with Koszelew in 1876 in the Russian part of Poland. Buyers and tenants were the same as there.

The Franco-Italian company Dabrowski Coal Mines ( KWK Towarzystwo Francusko-Włoskie Dąbowskich ) was founded as early as 1878 to manage these and other mines owned by the bank .

Initially, there were only open-cast mining in Paris under the name Nowa-Łabęcki (until 1880), before the first two shafts Koszelew (see above; conveyor shaft) and St. Barbara (extending weather shaft) were sunk in 1875.

Soon the coal field was opened up by two more shafts, Paris and Cieszkowski (further name Chaper). The latter served as a weather shaft and was penetrated by the Paris shaft in 1881.

After the Second World War Mine, the Mars, Reden, Flora and Antoni collieries, which were owned by the Dąbrowa mines, were added to the mine and renamed General Zawadzki in honor of the Governor of Silesia .

As part of the increased demand for coal, some of these previously decommissioned parts were brought back into service in the 1950s. In the 1960s, the mine was modernized, with a new bottom, the Andrew and Małobądz shafts (opened in 1960) sunk and the Cieszkowski shaft deeper. At the same time, this shaft received a new headframe and a new hoisting machine. The processing plants from 1933 were also demolished and rebuilt.

In 1994 a fire destroyed numerous daytime facilities, including sorting, coal washing, the boiler house and several workshops. Fortunately, it was possible to prevent the flames from penetrating to the breakdown points.

In July 1969 there was a water and mud ingress of 90,000 m³ of water and mud from the settlement Hedwig II, which trapped 119 miners. With one exception, all other miners were rescued alive through a rescue operation.

In the 1960s, the mine had nine shafts: Paris, Cieszkowski, Łabęcki (extending weather shaft; cableway), Walery, Koszelew, Barbara, Andrew and Małobądz. After the mentioned water and mud ingress, the two Łabęcki shafts were closed and filled.

Shortly before it was closed on July 30, 1995, the colliery got its old name Paryz back. Due to the lack of profitability in the first half of the 1990s, it was decided to liquidate the company on June 30, 1995.

General Zawadzki

From the merger of the Mars, Paris / Paryż , Reden (already closed) and Flora (closed) mines in 1945 to 1990, the composite mine bore the general's name . From 1958 until its closure in 1968, the Brzozowice opencast mine was also part of this network. After that it was called Paryż again.

Funding figures

  • Speeches 1840: 15,000 t; 1900: 19,690 t; 1913: 274,032 tons
  • Flora 1900: 175,145 t; 1913: 389,596 t; 1938: 297,087 tons
  • Mars 1913: 37,198 t; 1938: 140,580 tons
  • Koszelew 1840: 64,000 t; 1898: 172,472 tons
  • Paryż / Zawadzki 1900: 448,744 t; 1913: 680,332 t; 1938: 870,443 t; 1970: 2,035,993 t; 1979: 2,090,436 t

swell

  • Jerzy Jaros. Słownik historyczny kopalń węgla na ziemiach polskich. Katowice 1984.
  • Kurt König: The coal mining in Upper Silesia from 1945–1955. Scientific contributions to the history and regional studies of Eastern Central Europe. Published by the Johann Gottfried Herder Institute. Marburg 1958.
  • Werner Röhr. On the role of heavy industry in annexed Polish Upper Silesia for Germany's war economy from 1939 to 1949. Yearbook for Economic History Volume 130. Downloaded as a PDF file from www.digitalis.uni-koeln.de/JWG, last accessed on October 5, 2015.
  • On the website http://wikizaglebie.pl/wiki/Kategoria:Górnictwo_węglowe_w_Zagłębiu_Dąbrowskim there is an alphabetical overview of many mines in the Dabrowa area. Some information goes beyond that of Jerzy Jaros, while others are limited to this.
  • Topographic map 1: 25000 sheet no.5680 (Laurahütte). Reichsamt für Landesaufnahme 1942 edition. Source of supply: Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy.

Web links

The Polish website http://eksploratorzy.com.pl/viewtopic.php?t=1367 contains factual information, pictures and images of topographic maps on the location of General Zawadzki's shafts.