Costume dispute

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In the dispute, known as the costume dispute, the question was whether the person to be honored should be depicted in a monument in a realistic, historically accurate costume or, better, in idealizing clothing such as an antique toga .

The discussion had already begun in the 18th century and, in terms of the history of ideas, can even be traced back to its roots in the 17th century, but had come about around 1800 through a confrontation between the ancient ideal of Goethe and the view of the Berlin sculptor Gottfried Schadow , who called for a clearer closeness to reality, pointed. Poetry and history, ideal and reality, the general human and the patriotic thus came into conflict against which the decision for or against the costume was measured. In many cases there were also compromises, such as with the Blücher monuments in Breslau (Schadow, 1819) and Berlin ( Rauch , 1826). It was not until the middle of the 19th century, when after a long history of design, which also included the appropriate costume, the Rauch Friedrich monument (1839-1851) was finally executed, that the costume dispute was decided in favor of historical reality. Aftermath can still be observed up to monument projects from the Wilhelmine era .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Gottlieb Becker : Vom Costume an Denkmälern , Leipzig 1776 (printed in: Ulrich Bischoff: Art theory and art history of the 19th century in Germany , Ditzingen: Reclam, 1985, p. 28 ff.)
  2. ↑ Thomas Kirchner: The epic hero. History painting and art politics in 17th century France , Munich 2001, pp. 333–443
  3. ↑ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Fleeting overview of art in Germany , in: Propylänen 3, 1800, pp. 165 ff.
  4. ↑ Gottfried Schadow: [About historical and ideal costume] , 1791/1802 (printed in: Ulrich Bischoff: Art theory and art history of the 19th century in Germany , Ditzingen: Reclam, 1985, p. 30 ff.) And Gottfried Schadow About some in Goethe's sentences printed in the Propylaea concerning the practice of art in Berlin , in: Eunomia 1, 1801.
  5. ^ Martina Rudloff: The Bremen Wilhelm-Olbers-Büste by Christian Daniel Rauch , Bremen 1984, p. 16

literature

  • H. Hohl: Sergel, Schadow and the question of the costume in monument sculpture , in: Johann Tobias Sergel 1740-1814 , exhibition catalog Hamburg 1975.
  • Peter Bloch u. a .: Classic Berlin. The Berlin School of Sculpture in the 19th century . Berlin 1978. (with further literature).
  • Frank Büttner and Andrea Gottdang: Introduction to Iconography: Paths to the Interpretation of Image Content , Munich 2006, p. 225f.
  • Andrea Mayerhofer-Llanes: The beginnings of costume history. Studies of costume works of the late 18th and 19th centuries in the German-speaking area. (Contributions to Art History, Volume 84) Munich (scaneg) 2006, pp. 49–52.
  • Jutta Simson: How to attract heroes, a contribution to the costume dispute in the late 18th and early 19th centuries , in: Journal of the German Association for Art Science 43, 1989, pp. 47-63.
  • Wolfgang Schöller: Refined, but not foreign. Johann Gottfried Schadow and the so-called costume dispute , in: Georges Bloch Yearbook of the Art History Department of the University of Zurich 3, 1996, pp. 171–183
  • R. Selbmann: Poet monuments in Germany. Literary history in ore and stone. Stuttgart 1988, pp. 82–91 and others (on the costume dispute over the Goethe-Schiller monument from 1857)
  • Bernhard Maaz: Sculpture in Germany between the French Revolution and the First World War , Vol. 2, Munich 2010, pp. 201f.

Web links