Co-ordination

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Co-subordination refers to a type of sentence linkage ( nexus ) that occupies an intermediate position between coordination and subordination . The introduction of this term was necessary because it in various Papua languages of New Guinea , the phenomenon of switch-reference , have ( "switching reference") syntactic vorfand constructions that could be classified either as a coordinator or as subordination.

Examples from the Kewa ( Trans New Guinea languages , Papua New Guinea ):

  • coordination
Nipu ípu-la pare ní paalá na-piá .
he come - 3rd PERSONAL SING.PRÄS. but I troubled not-to-be: 1.PERS.SING.PRÄS.
"He's coming, but I'm not worried."
The coordination is realized here by the conjunction pare .
  • Co-ordination
(Ní) épo lari épa-wa .
(I) Pipes say- SAME SUBJECT come - 1.PERS.SING.PRÄT.
"I whistled when I came."
The suffix -ri here expresses that the subject of the first sub-clause is identical in reference to the second ; however, this link is less subordinate than the one in the following example:
  • Subordination
(Ní) épo lá-lo-pulu irikai épa-lia .
(I) Pipes say- 1.PERS.SING.PRÄS.-STRICT dog come - 3rd PERSONAL SING.FUTUR
"Because I whistle, the dog will come."
The subordination is realized here by the causal suffix -pulu .

Abbreviations in the interlinear versions

literature

  • Robert D. Van Valin, Jr .: A synopsis of Role and Reference Grammar. In: Robert D. Van Valin, Jr .: Advances in Role and Reference Grammar. Benjamin, Amsterdam / Philadelphia 1993, pp. 101-106.