Kurdayetî
Kurdayetî , in German roughly “Kurdism”, is a term used primarily in Iraq for Kurdish national consciousness . In the broadest sense, it means that Kurdistan can look back on a long history of settlement, Kurds are a nation and therefore they have the right to political self-determination.
history
The term was first used in the 1930s by the Kurdish organization Hîwa , which consisted of academics and officers and had its center in Sulaimaniyya . Kurdish intellectuals thus distinguished themselves from Turkish, Arab and Persian nationalism . At first it was limited to the debates of intellectuals and party cadres. The program of the Democratic Party of Kurdistan (PDK) adopted in 1960 states:
"... Kurdistan has embarked on a stage of national in which freedom from imperialism and ... self-determination constitute the basic and most important components. In the light of Kurdistan's backward status in industry, agriculture, education ... it is the social movement in Kurdistan launched by the means of a revolutionary movement by the people of Kurdistan. This movement is called Kurdayeti ... Kurdayeti is a movement of the masses, the pillars of which are the peasants, workers, the revolutionary intelligentsia and artisans. It is a movement which concerns itself with the political, economic, social and cultural goals of the people ... For tens of years the movement of Kurdayeti has existed not as the creation of any party or individual, but rather as an objective historical movement that manifests itself in every aspect of the life of the people of Kurdistan. "
The small, radical nationalist organization KAJIK, founded in 1959, took a different approach (German: “Bund der Freiheit und rebirth der Kurds”). In their opinion, Kurdistan could not be liberated either from a cosmopolitan bourgeoisie made up of party intellectuals or from reactionary landowners who were organized in the PDK at the time. The peasant class is the only revolutionary force that has preserved the original Kurdish heritage. The unity of Kurdistan can only be achieved if a Kurdish state in the hands of a national ideology, not a class, pursues the cultural and social standardization of the population. A unified nation is synonymous with a classless society in which there should still be private property, but this is no longer used to exploit others. Kurdayetî and Kurdish national thinking ( bîr-î-netewe î kurdî ) should not be brought into the vicinity of terms such as “nationalism” in the capitalist sense or Arab nationalism in the sense of Baathism .
Usage today
Until 1961, the term remained unknown outside of party and intellectual circles. This changed with the Barzani uprising of 1961 , which entered Kurdish history as the “September Revolution”. Kurdayetî has now become a term for the Kurds' desire for political self-determination. The expression hest-î Kurdayetî ("Kurdayetî feeling") is widespread and is inevitably associated with political engagement, usually in a Kurdish party. Assigning programmatic, Kurdish-language names to children can also be an expression of this feeling. Since the beginning of the uprising, “Rizgar” (liberation), “Hevaļ” (friend, comrade), “Azad” (free), “Hêriş” (attack), “Serbest” (independent), “ Kawa ” (legendary Kurdish blacksmith) ), and “Şoreş” (revolution) popular names for boys. Girls were often given names linked to their culture and homeland, such as "Kuestan" (winter pasture), "Çîmen" (meadow), "Niştîman" (nation) or "Mehabad" (after the Republic of Mahabad ). The names "Aşitî" (peace) and "Kurdistan" are also given for both sexes.
"The broad acceptance of Kurdayetî as a concept that provides both explanation and guidance for action and perception is an expression of collective identity and produces new identity"
Individual evidence
- ↑ Andrea Fischer-Tahir: "We gave many martyrs". Resistance and collective identity formation in Iraqi Kurdistan , ISBN 978-3-89771-015-3 , Münster 2003, p. 67
- ↑ Andrea Fischer-Tahir: "We gave many martyrs". Resistance and collective identity formation in Iraqi Kurdistan , ISBN 978-3-89771-015-3 , Münster 2003, p. 68
swell
- Andrea Fischer-Tahir: "We gave many martyrs". Resistance and collective identity formation in Iraqi Kurdistan, ISBN 978-3-89771-015-3 , Münster 2003