Laschen (shipping)
Tabs (also Lashing or lashing ) denotes the fastening or lashing the cargo. The load securing is very important in the maritime , where ISO containers , general cargo and rolling loads are lashed. Loosening and removing the fuses is called "unlatching".
Lashing agent
The lashing material and the tools are part of the equipment of a container ship. It must be kept by the shipping company. In practice, lashers will find many variations of fastening pieces, lashing units and tools from ship to ship. In special cases (e.g. containers with special dimensions), additional elements are also required to secure the load.
Fastening pieces
Fastening pieces connect the four lower corners of a container with special receptacles on the ship or directly with the container layer below. Twistlocks are used for the connection , which protrude into the corners of the container, whereby the connection is firmly locked by turning a pin. There are manual twistlocks, which are locked and unlocked by hand by the worker on board the ship, or semi-automatic twistlocks, which are already inserted into the lower corners of the container on land and automatically lock when set down.
The fastening pieces also include bridge fittings for connecting horizontally adjacent containers. The claws of the solid steel connecting clamps grip the corners of the container. Depending on the distance between the rows of containers, there are two different lengths that can also be combined with spacers or pressure deflectors.
Luring units
In addition to the fastening pieces, the containers are clamped crosswise to the hatch cover of the ship or the lashing bridge to secure the load with rods and tensioning screws (lashing rods). Lashing bridges are elevated structures of the ship between the container stacks in order to also secure higher container layers of a stack. The tension of the lashing bars must be checked while driving and re-lashed if necessary. Lashing using lashing rods takes place in the two lowest container layers, as well as up to the third container layer in the case of existing lashing bridges. Containers located above are only connected and locked at the four corners by connecting pieces (twistlocks).
While lashing bars are usually used to secure containers, chains, straps or wire ropes are also used for lashing piece goods.
Tools
There are special tools and aids for fastening and lashing the containers. The long operating rods with which the locking mechanisms of the twistlocks can be opened or closed in higher positions are particularly important here.
Lashing plan
For every ship there is a binding lashing plan with information on which fasteners must be used for lashing and how the containers are to be attached depending on the location. These lashing plans are adapted to the construction of the ship and ensure compliance with the applicable stowage and safety-related criteria, such as the loads resulting from ship movements and wind pressure. The lashing plan is posted at an exposed point on the ship.
Lascher (job description)
The lasher is a dock worker who attaches (lashes) and loosens (clears) ship loads, for example containers, on deck or in the holds of ships. This work usually takes place in shifts in wind and weather outdoors. For example, people often work with headlights at night. Lashing containers on ships is group work in which forces on land and on the ship work closely together in teams of 10–16 people. The number of lashers in the team varies between two and four.
In large container ships, the securing below deck is usually done by stacking the containers in vertical guide rails. Over deck which occurs congestion in stacks or blocks, where the containers are interconnected by Lascher and fixed to parts of the vessel.
To release the locks of the upper container layers to unload the load, the lashers are set down by the crane or the loading bridge in a person basket (lashing basket) on the container stacks. With long rods they release the locking levers of the twistlocks so that the containers can be lifted off one after the other. In the case of the lower containers, the lashing units between the container stacks must also be removed. Some of the work is carried out under suspended loads. The work of the lashing machine is physically demanding, but at the same time it must be carried out conscientiously to ensure the safety of the workers and the load.
In addition to container lashings, there are lashers in container packing stations for securing the goods to be transported in the container. Heavy or bulky general cargo that does not fit into a container is lashed directly to the ship.
Web links
- BC Maritime Employers Association: BCMEA Container Lashing Orientation Video -Lashing 101. March 1, 2018, accessed July 28, 2019 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Jürgen Lange: Stack up, lash tightly: Working with conventional and innovative systems for securing containers on seagoing ships and in ports. University of Duisburg Essen, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Sociology, August 29, 2000, accessed on June 13, 2019 (dissertation).
- ↑ a b Eberhard Petzold: SCHIFFSLEXIKON.COM - terms from the world of shipping. Term: tabs, lashers. Retrieved March 10, 2019 .
- ↑ What does a Lascher do? - hafenkarierre.de. (Video) Retrieved March 10, 2019 .
- ↑ Container manual . Retrieved June 12, 2019 .
- ^ Lascher / in - career information, job description - hafenkarierre.de. Retrieved March 10, 2019 .