Latin word division
The Latin word division is the lawful word division as it applies to the Latin language . In contrast to the ancient Greek word division, which corresponds perfectly to the ancient Greek hyphenation , the Latin word division does not match the Latin hyphenation. This is due to the fact that it is based more on the example of the ancient Greek word division than on the separate hyphenation of Latin.
regulate
- A consonant between vowels must go to the second vowel: pa-ter
- Two consonants between vowels must both become the second vowel if they are
- a Latin or Greek word can begin: pa-tris, li-bri, po-sco, ho-spes, magi-ster, si-gnum, re-ctor, scri-psi, scri-ptor, Le-sbos
- "Muta cum liquida" (ie a cluster of closure or other voiceless sound and constant sound) are: te-gmen, La-tmus, rhy-thmus, Pha-tnae, Ara-chne, Da-phne
- Otherwise the first consonant stays with the first vowel: fal-lo, fal-ce, al-ter, men-tes, com-ma
- Two consonants between vowels must both become the second vowel if they are
- Three consonants between vowels are only put together to form the second vowel if the first consonant is c, p or s and it follows "muta cum liquida" (see above): do-ctrina, Ba-ctra, corru-ptrix, sce- ptrum, ca-stra, magi-stri
- Four consonants between vowels are always separated: ton-strix, mon-strum, mul-ctrum
- Contracted words (see Elision ) are treated as one word: po-tes, ve-neo, de-cennis, lon-gaevus, ani-madverto, ma-gnanimus, qua-dran-gulus
(and not structurally correct pot-es, ven -eo, dec-ennis, long-aevus, anim-adverto, magn-animus, quadr-ang-ulus)
Reason: Separated syllables must not start with a vowel (unlike in the ancient Greek word division). - Words not contracted are divided according to their components: abs-condo, dis-quiro, obs-curus,
et-iam, red-eo, sed-itio
Note: The last three examples contradict rule 4; such divisions are to be avoided. See below for the cause of this ambiguity. - Individual letters are not divided (unlike in the ancient Greek word division): antea, omnia (not ante-a or o-mnia)
The above rules are largely identical to the laws of ancient Greek word division, which in turn has its foundation in ancient Greek hyphenation.
Problems
The rules of the Latin word division show the ambiguity mentioned under point 5 above. The reason for this is the conflict between Latin hyphenation and the otherwise widely adopted rules for word division from Greek , which correspond better to ancient Greek hyphenation than to Latin.
In particular, the cultivated Latin (just like French today) knew at the beginning of a statement, but not a fixed paragraph in the ongoing speech. Any vowels that may start out alone have, whenever possible, been drawn together with the preceding sound ( liaison ). In contrast, sticking to the fixed vocal paragraph always meant a deliberate pause, the following vowel had to be understood as the beginning of a second statement. Therefore, the Latin word division shuns initial vowels (see rule 5): You don't start a second statement within a word!
On the other hand, the ancient Greek language had no fixed set of voices at all; so even a single vowel in it could not mark the beginning of a new statement, because it was indistinguishable from those that fluently followed other vowels or consonants. Therefore, the ancient Greek word division does not shy away from initial vowels alone.
In the area of tension between the overlapping of the two views, traditional tradition advises to distinguish between elidated (point 4) and non-elidated (point 5) relationships. But this is difficult to tell apart; Word splits like under 5 are therefore better to avoid in Latin.
literature
- Carl Faulmann : characters and alphabets of all times and peoples . Weltbild, Augsburg 2003, ISBN 3-8289-0799-7 (unchanged reprint of the edition. The Book of Writing, containing the characters and alphabets of all times and peoples of the world . Vienna 1880).
- Konrad Raab: Latin verbology . Buchner, Bamberg 1993, ISBN 3-7661-5366-8 .