Signs accompanying spoken language

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Signs accompanying spoken language (abbreviated LBG ) denote the signs that are performed simultaneously with every spoken word (see spoken language ). This is what distinguishes it from sign language . In other words, LBG are "signed German" or "German in sign code" based on the Anglo-Saxon usage of " signed English ". The LBG sign symbols are a reduction of the sign language to isolated terms in order to implement a "1: 1" conversion of the respective national spoken language into sign symbols.

Differences between sign language and LBG

While sign language, such as the German Sign Language (DGS), has its own grammar ("Sprachlehre") and is therefore a real language , spoken language- accompanying signs (LBG) represent a communication system. When using spoken-language signs, the spoken language becomes one- to-one accompanied by gestures. When using LBG to accompany spoken German, the grammar of the German language is retained.

Signs accompanying spoken language to clarify grammar

Because it is based on spoken language grammar, additional artificial signs were created for LBG, e.g. B. for articles and various adverbs , for the expression of which sign language usually has other means. In correctly executed LBG, inflections and increases are often carried out with "fingered" ( finger alphabet ) endings. It is mainly used in schools for people with hearing impairments in German lessons to make the German grammar visible, in exceptional cases also as a means of early support for the hearing impaired, who may thereby be able to attend a regular school.

The sentence "The car drove over a bridge" consists e.g. B. in the German Sign Language (DGS) from three characters ("car", "bridge" and "drive over the bridge"). If the LBG is fully executed, eight individual signs are used for this sentence: "Das", "Auto", "Fahrt", "Past", "über", "ein", fingered "e" and "Brücke"). For verbs and adjectives, the basic form is signed and the ending that deviates from it.

If you translate a sentence in spoken language into LBG, not a word is lost. When translating into sign language, however, articles, conjunctions and the like often do not appear. Constructions like future tense II or subjunctive tense cannot be transferred “1: 1” into sign language. In the education sector, there is therefore some opinion that learning sign language while learning the language makes learning German grammar more difficult. While the sign languages ​​have their own grammars, the LBG are basically a visualization of the spoken language. Hearing impaired children who learn LBG from an early age therefore usually have no problems with spoken language grammar, at least no more problems than their good-hearing peers.

Use of the LBG

Usually the hard of hearing and deaf people use the LBG. That from birth the deaf or people with at numbness use bordering deafness LBG, is the exception. Most of the time, deaf people and people with hearing loss bordering on deafness are brought up either orally or with the help of sign language, sometimes bilingually with both methods. Signs accompanying spoken language (LBG), in conjunction with written language, can represent a middle ground between oral education and education with sign language.

Speech-supporting signs

Speech-supporting signs (here in American English)

Because of the tediousness and in order to be able to follow a quickly spoken text, spoken language supporting signs (LUG) are often used in practice instead of the LBG signs, which suppress individual characters and also inflections etc. It is therefore always important to consider whether it is about the content aspect or the grammar aspect of the transmission.

Verbal Language Supporting Signs (LUG) for content support

Signs that support spoken language are a reduction in sign language to isolated terms in order to make the content spoken in spoken language more understandable for deaf and hard of hearing people. A complete “1: 1” implementation of the conversation or speech content and the grammar does not take place here.

When carrying out the LUG, three individual sign symbols are used as a model for the sentence shown here: "car", "drive", "bridge". They are made as isolated signs in the order of the spoken sentence and thus support the spoken content.

LUG are particularly useful for people who are later deaf and moderately hard of hearing with extensive knowledge of spoken language.

media

When sign language was not yet recognized as an independent language with its own grammar, signs were used for isolated terms, e.g. B. "Car" or "House" cataloged in photo collections. These selective characters form the basis of the LBG and LUG sign corpus.

See also

literature

  • Walter Nabrotzky et al. a .: Signs accompanying spoken language for the hearing. Suggested course. State Institute for Schools and Further Education, Münster 1986.
  • Inge Fürsich-Eschmann (arr.); German Society for the Promotion of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (Ed.): The spoken language accompanying sign procedure. German Society for the Promotion of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, Munich 1989.
  • Georg Rammel (Ed.): Signs accompanying spoken language in educational practice. 2nd Edition. Publishing house for hearing-impaired children, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-924055-17-3 .
  • Peter Kaufmann: Signs accompanying spoken language (LBG) in the upbringing and education of deaf children. Edition SZH, Lucerne (Switzerland) 1990, ISBN 3-908264-31-6 .
  • Peter Kaufmann (Ed.): Report on the LBG project Zurich. Experience with signs accompanying spoken language. Groos, Heidelberg 1995, ISBN 3-87276-721-6 .

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