Performance (sport)
In sport, the term performance is initially used in a very broad sense. a. higher speeds, greater heights and distances in the jumping and throwing disciplines, but also higher scores in technical sports, in which not only the degree of difficulty but also the "artistic expression" are assessed.
In endurance sports, but also, for example, in the sprint disciplines of cycling , the term is also used in its narrower, physical sense as the quotient of work and time.
In some sports, for example rowing, but especially in cycling, the physiological performance to be performed by the athlete (energy expenditure per period of time) correlates particularly closely with the effectively measurable physical performance. As a result, in recent decades, numerous performance tests and procedures of performance diagnostics been developed primarily on stationary bikes or the role are, but also carried out on treadmills. The physical performance achieved here is related to various other parameters such as oxygen uptake, heart rate , breathing volume , pumped blood volume / time span ( cardiac output ), lactate concentration , etc. Based on the performance diagnostics, extensive suggestions for training design are developed.
On the other hand, critical representatives of training theory and sports science object that this leads to an overemphasis on the physical aspects of performance. While, in a broader sense, performance-determining factors such as the ability to recover, lactate breakdown and the like can certainly be included, essential aspects such as willpower, "daily form" etc. are not taken into account. These psychological characteristics are the subject of sport psychological research and have led to the development of sport-specific psychological test procedures such as B. the SOQ-d (Elbe et al., 2005), the AMS-Sport (Elbe, 2004) or the sport-related achievement motivation test SMT (Frintrup & Schuler, 2007).
See also
literature
- Alois Kogler: The art of high performance. Sports psychology, coaching, self-management , Vienna: Springer 2006, ISBN 3-211-29129-6