Light management system
A light management system is a system for controlling a lighting system for the control of indoor and outdoor lighting. Your task is to either adapt the lighting level of the system to the prevailing environmental conditions or to run a previously set program. Various control options or programs increase user comfort on the one hand and save energy on the other.
A basic requirement for the use of a light management system is good dimmability of the light source. In addition, the light sources must be switch-proof, color-stable and durable. Further selection criteria for lighting planning are, if required , no flicker , high color rendering or low-noise light generation. As a rule, an electronic control gear is also required.
Light management systems in interior lighting
The basic structure consists of a central controller that controls the operating devices via control signals. It is possible to integrate sensors and switches in order to enable control by the user. The sensors used are light intensity and motion / presence sensors or a combination of both. This enables daylight and presence control to be implemented. There are two technologies for daylight control: Either the lighting system is set to the desired illuminance in order to maintain constant brightness in the room ( light control ). The second variant is a light control in which the artificial lighting is dimmed, switched on or off based on the daylight measured by sensors. A presence control switches off a lighting system or dims it to a low basic level when there are no people in the room. If a person enters the room, the illuminance is increased again to the normal level by the control upon detection by the sensor. Energy can be saved through either of these two options; the maximum saving effect is achieved with a combination of both.
Interfaces
With LED systems, direct network interfaces are another control option. The ballast is assigned its own network interface. Standards such as ZigBee and EnOcean ensure wireless communication . For the stage lighting, the DMX-512 standard is mainly used, with which many participants can be controlled quickly and individually using addressed digital control signals.
| Overview of the connection options | options | principle | service | Changeover
Group assignment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Switching | • Switching the supply | Power switch, relay, contactor | Local | - |
| Phase dimming | •ON OFF
• Stepless dimming only for certain light sources |
Simple, without additional wiring | Local | - |
| Touch & Dim | • For single lights only | Button at the same potential, "Stand-by" | Local | - |
| 1 ... 10 V | • ON / OFF via power switch
• Stepless dimming for all dimmable light sources |
2-wire line, analog, "stand-by" | Local | Rewiring |
| DALI | • ON / OFF via power switch
• Continuously dimming for all dimmable light sources, color control, light scenes • Can be combined with time control |
2-wire line, digital, "stand-by" | Local & central | programming |
| DMX | • ON / OFF via power switch
• Stepless dimming for all dimmable light sources, color control, light scenes, quick change • Can be combined with time control |
Multiplex, digital control protocol (from the stage lighting), "Stand-by" | Local & central | programming |
| ZigBee | •ON OFF
• Continuously dimming for all dimmable light sources, color control, light scenes • Can be combined with time control |
Wireless, "stand-by" | Local & central | programming |
| EnOcean | •ON OFF
• Continuously dimming for all dimmable light sources, color control, light scenes • Can be combined with time control |
Wireless, "stand-by" | Local & central | programming |
| Bluetooth | •ON OFF
• Continuously dimming for all dimmable light sources, color control, light scenes • Can be combined with time control |
Wireless, "stand-by" | Local & central | programming |
| WIRELESS INTERNET ACCESS | •ON OFF
• Continuously dimming for all dimmable light sources, color control, light scenes • Can be combined with time control |
Wireless, "stand-by" | Local & central | programming |
| Network interfaces
(e.g. BACNET, LON, KNX, manufacturer-related networks, Ethernet-TCIP computer network) |
•ON OFF
• Continuously dimming for all dimmable light sources, color control, light scenes • Can be combined with time control |
Wired | Local & central | programming |
Light management in architectural lighting
DMX controls are also widespread in dynamic facade lighting. They allow quick color changes and / or many luminaires to be addressed individually. With DMX / Ethernet, the light can be dynamically controlled, dimmed and pulsed over surfaces. Further design elements are the switching of individual luminaires or groups of luminaires according to a defined pattern (e.g. DALI ), the static dimming of individual luminaires or groups of luminaires according to a defined concept (phase control / phase cut-off) or the display of video content on an area using a pixel system (Ethernet ).
Light management systems in street lighting
The high-pressure gas discharge lamps used in street lighting are poorly or not dimmable and not suitable for high switching frequency. Therefore, LED lights are suitable for light management. The main purpose of light management systems for street lighting is to save electrical energy (kWh, euros, CO 2 ). Other reasons are a situation-appropriate lighting level, more efficient maintenance, less light immissions and the improvement of security. As a rule, a separate controller is installed in each luminaire. These controllers are either completely independent or networked with one another, for example by radio or powerline communication ( LON ). Various setting options can be made using the controller. In this way, dimming using natural light or a power reduction during the night can be implemented. In combination with a motion sensor, the lighting system can dim up to the full lighting level if necessary. In addition, there is the possibility of regulating the efficiency, which decreases over the lifetime of a light source or an LED module, in order to maintain a constant luminous flux over the entire lifetime.
Monitoring and maintenance
Light management systems collect information about the operating status, energy consumption and failures and save it with precise time and position information on a central computer. In addition, failed lights or light points are reported directly. In this way, predictive maintenance concepts can be planned and work processes can be made more efficient.
literature
- Franz Wosnitza, Hans Gerd Hilgers (2012): Energy efficiency and energy management - an overview of today's possibilities and needs; Vieweg + Teubner Verlag | Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 2012, ISBN 978-3-8348-1941-3
- DALI AG (2002): Digital Addressable Lighting Interface Manual; pdf , accessed July 25, 2013
- ZVEI (2010): ZVEI Roadshow 2010: Better light - lower costs: municipalities convert, pdf , accessed on July 25, 2013.
- Vossloh-Schwabe: light management in the outdoor area
Individual evidence
- ↑ licht.wissen 12: Light Management . licht.de, Frankfurt 2016, ISBN 978-3-945220-06-1 , pp. 40, 42.
- ↑ licht.wissen 03: Streets, paths and squares . licht.de, Frankfurt 2014, ISBN 978-3-926193-91-9 , p. 18.