Magnetic film

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Magnetic film has been an object of traditional sound film technology since the second half of the 1940s.

Split magnetic film with splice

In contrast to optical sound technology, the sound carrier in magnetic sound technology consists of perforated material (hence the colloquial name Perfo.), Which is provided with a magnetizable coating, similar to magnetic sound tape , which is used to record the film sound. The magnetic film usually has the same dimensions as the associated image carrier and runs parallel to the "image" for the same length. For normal film synchronized to 35mm magnetic film. There is also the so-called split, magnetic film 17½ mm wide, which was much more widespread in Germany than 35 mm magnetic film. Because the sound runs separately from the picture, the process is called SEPMAG. It is also used for 16mm and (rarely) Super 8 film. In contrast to other SEPMAG processes, in which the synchronization in the amateur film sector often works with magnetic impulses on 1/4 "tape or center-perforated 1/4" tape, in the professional sector mostly via SMPTE coding, this is done with magnetic film on mechanical or pseudo-mechanical way, in that a common starting point for picture and sound is set by means of an optical marker, from which point the film is firmly linked to the tape. Before the advent of digital non-linear audio systems, this offered the only way to cut sound in sync with the picture, since the perforation as a reference is not cut-critical, while a timecode must remain continuous and cannot be cut.

From the end of the 1990s, magnetic film was increasingly used by digital media such as B. digital audio tape , multitrack recorders , dubbers or workstations . The decisive factors here were the considerable costs for recording and playback devices, the necessary noise reduction systems and film material. At the latest with the establishment of the internet in the film industry, which brought with it the fast and inexpensive exchange of data and thus the elimination of transport costs, magnetic film has largely disappeared from the market.

You can work very precisely with magnetic film. The sound is not visible as with the older light tone, but with practice and differential gear in the cutting table you can get into the synchronous concept almost as finely as you want. The tools used are the marker pen and, at the assembly site, the butt-glue drawer of one type or another. The classic elements of dialogue , noise (effects) and music can be cut onto magnetic film on cutting tables with three sound tracks , ready for mixing.

Norms

  • ISO 162, three tracks on Mf. 35
  • ISO 360, four tracks on Mf. 35
  • ISO 491, film 35
  • ISO 543, security film
  • ISO 1188, frequency response on Mf. 16
  • ISO 1189, frequency response on Mf. 35
  • ISO 1753, six tracks on Mf. 35
  • ISO 4242, two tracks on Mf. 16
  • DIN 15552-3

Magnetic film maker

  • Pyral [1] , active
  • Emtec-BASF, discontinued
  • Eastman-Kodak-FPC, active: catalog numbers 12618269185, 12628397523, 12638201410, 12658968182
  • Orwo, set
  • Agfa, discontinued
  • Fuji Photo Films (distribution), discontinued
  • Ferrania, discontinued


See also: start band