Attic
As a mansube (from Arabic منسوبة, DMG mansūba , such as arrangement or arrangement ) was the name given to chess compositions in the Arabic chess game , a pre-form of today's chess . They were the forerunners of mating tasks and studies.
Often in Mansuben the white (red) player is in the partie-like positions with Matt threatened and one to a win find; rarely a draw was made as a demand, although several draw species were known, including perpetual check and the mutual destruction of the armed forces down to the bare kings. Due to the stalemate as a type of loss and the robbery victory , however, the rules rarely allowed a draw.
About 500 mansions have survived. Originally it was believed that all mansubs came to us via the Arabs and southern Europe. According to a lecture by Yuri Averbach , however, there was another way of the Mansubes through Central Asia into our civilization.
The matt of the Dilaram is one of the most famous mansubs. It comes from Abu-Bakr as-Suli , can be found in an old Stambul manuscript and is dated before 946. According to the frame story, Dilaram was the favorite wife of a sultan who, as a passionate chess player, even played for her. When he was playing with the white stones about to lose them, she exclaimed: "Sacrifice your towers and save your wife!"
Stambuler manuscript, before 946
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On h3 is an Alfil , the predecessor of the rotor ; he jumps diagonally across a field, so in the starting position he dominates fields f1 and f5.
Solution:
1. Rh8 + Kxh8 2.
Alfil-f5 + Kg8
3. Rh8 + Kxh8
4. g7 + Kg8 (h7 is covered by Alfil) 5. Nh6 mate
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Another aesthetic example:
Solution:
1. T7 + Kg8
second Nf6 + Kf8
3. e7 + Sxe7
4. TF7 + Sxf7
5. Ne6 matt . Curious ending: Mustermatt with four jumpers!
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This example suggested to Josef Kling to set up a double, i.e. a task in which the skewer appears twice (see Josef Kling ):
Solution:
1. Rh5! Rxh5 2.Ra6
+ K ~ 5
3rd Ra5 + ( spit ) K ~
4.Rxh5 wins
The examples show typical characteristics of mansubs:
- mostly just one variant
- forced solution with numerous chess rules
- Requirement White wins , a number of moves is not given
- However, there is generally only one way to win, and mate is often achieved in a seemingly losing position. However, at that time there was also the robbery victory, of which there are also examples among the mansubs.
Studies among the mansubs with validity for the endgame are now only those with knights and rooks, because the other pieces were led according to different rules at that time.
literature
- David Hooper and Ken Whyld : The Oxford Companion to Chess , Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition 1992, ISBN 0198661649 , pp. 245-246. (English)
Individual references and sources
- ^ A b John Roycroft : The Chess Endgame Study. A Comprehensive Introduction . Dover Publications, New York 1970. pp. 61-63. Also known as Test Tube Chess in other editions .