Marada
Marada was a group of independent communities in Lebanon and the surrounding highlands after the conquest of Syria by the Arab caliphs in the 630s .
While some historians argue that the Marada formed "states" led by a Maronite Aramaic- speaking Christian warrior elite, the Mardaites , other historians tend to downplay their importance and describe a more complex scenario. Splinters of Christian-Aramaic tribal groups managed to maintain a relative autonomy in the rugged hinterland of the coastal chain of the Lebanon Mountains, which at that time was the borderline between the Umayyads and the Byzantines . The Byzantine expansion between 985 and 1025 caused the immigration of the Maronites from the Orontes valley to the northern parts of the Lebanon Mountains, mainly in the area of the Wadi Qadischa . The Maronite groups settled here as an association of tribal clans with the patriarch as their head.
During the Lebanese civil war , one of the Maronite militias called itself the " Marada Brigade ".
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- Phares, Walid. Lebanese Christian Nationalism: The Rise and Fall of an Ethnic Resistance . Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995.
- Salibi, Kamal. A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered , London: IB Tauris, 1988.
- Salibi, Kamal. Maronite Historians of Medieval Lebanon , Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1959.
- Salibi, Kamal. The Modern History of Lebanon , Delmar: Caravan Books, 1977.