Mode relativus

The modus relativus (also (re) narrative ) is a special verb mode in Eastern Baltic, Bulgarian and Macedonian as well as Turkish , which is used to reproduce indirect speech or assumptions and thus corresponds roughly to the subjunctive I in German. It is expressed with infinite verb forms (mostly participles ). It differs from periphrastic tenses in Lithuanian by the lack of the auxiliary verb ( jis buvęs namie “he was at home” vs. jis yra buvęs namie “he was at home”; in the passive voice čia kuršių gyventa “here cures would have lived” vs. čia buvo kuršių gyventa “cures lived here”).

If both the main verb as the infinite form an actors refer, using an active participle (z. B. jis sako buvęs namie "He says he was at home"), otherwise a Quasipartizip whose agent then in the accusative stands (e.g. jis sako tevą buvus namie “he says that the father was at home”).

In Old Church Slavonic there is the construction Dativus cum infinitivo ; otherwise this mode is only available in Macedonian, Bulgarian and probably in the Altnovgorod dialect .

Examples:

• AKS: Садукеи глаголѭтъ не быти въскрьсенью ("The Sadducees say there is no resurrection")
• mak .: Тој беше во Солун ("He was in Solun") vs. Тој бил во Солун ("He was in Solun")
• bulg .: Чете (he read) vs. Чел ("He read")
• Turkish: Arkadaşım pazara gitti ("my boyfriend / girlfriend went to the market") vs. Arkadaşım pazara gitmiş ("my boyfriend / girlfriend must have gone to the market" (seems to have left; he / she has gone))