nephritis

The nephritis (plural: nephritis; of ancient Greek nephros = kidney; -itis = inflammation; ἠ νεφριτις e = nephritis nephritis ) is a collective term for the acute or chronic inflammatory diseases of the kidney . These kidney diseases are often bilateral and very painful. The causes are varied and not always known. In addition to drug-related nephritis, there are infection-associated nephritis and nephritis as renal involvement in various systemic diseases, e.g. B. in collagenosis or vasculitis .

Inflammation in the vicinity of the kidneys is pathologically and anatomically referred to as perinephritis in the case of inflammation of the connective tissue kidney capsule (capsula fibrosa), epinephritis in the case of inflammation of the kidney fat capsule (capsula adiposa) and paranephritis in the case of inflammation of the fat outside the renal fascia. This differentiation is not used in clinical usage and the term perinephritis is usually used for all inflammations in the vicinity of the kidneys .

Classification

Inflammatory kidney diseases can be divided into three groups according to the location of the inflammation:

• Glomerulonephritis : kidney disease with primary inflammation of the kidney corpuscles (glomeruli)
• Tubulo-interstitial nephritis : inflammation of the kidney tubules and the surrounding interstitial kidney tissue
• Pyelonephritis : Inflammation of the renal pelvis (pyelon) and the adjacent renal parenchyma

See also

• Nephrology
• Nephropathy
• acute kidney failure
• chronic kidney failure

literature

• Ralph H. Major: Notes on the history of nephritis. In: Bulletin of the History of Medicine. Volume 23, 1949, pp. 453-460.
• Joachim Frey : Hemorrhagic nephritis. In: Ludwig Heilmeyer (ed.): Textbook of internal medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1955; 2nd edition, ibid. 1961, pp. 926-951.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ludwig August Kraus: Kritisch-Etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon , 3rd edition, Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung, Göttingen 1844, p. 657.
2. ↑ Willibald Pschyrembel : Clinical Dictionary. 267th edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2017, pp. 1352 and 1381.
3. ^ Johann Friedrich de Quervain : Inflammatory processes in the area around the kidneys. In: Karl Lenggenhager (ed.): Special surgical diagnostics. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1950, pp. 426-428.

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