Verbal noun

A verbal noun is a noun formed from a verb .

Types of verbal nouns

Verbal noun : A verbal noun that describes the event in question as a substantiated event, e.g. B. Raining .

Noun actionis: A verbal noun that describes the event (actions, processes) in question as a thing , e.g. B. the raining .
- Noun actionis pejorativum : A verbal noun that depreciates the event in question, e.g. B. the talk .

Noun acti / resultatis: a verbal noun that denotes the result of an action, e.g. B. the break .

Noun agentis : a verbal noun that denotes the perpetrator of the act, e.g. B. the magician .

Noun patientis: A verbal noun that denotes the object or the undergoer of an action, e.g. B. the fitting

Verbal abstract : a verbal noun that is an abstract , e.g. B. Hope .

Noun instrumenti: a verbal noun denoting the instrument with which the action is performed, e.g. B. the stirrer .

Noun loci: A verbal noun that denotes the place where the action takes place, e.g. B. the seat .

Noun qualitatis: A verbal noun in which the action embodies the property of the object, e.g. B. the permeability (in German not directly from verbs, but only through the intermediate step of forming a deverbal adjective).

Examples

German examples

Separation of separate , spaced from projecting , intention of dispense , jostling of jostling , slip of slip .

Latin examples

actio from agere / actum , usus from uti / usum . The gerund is also a verbal noun, example: venia legendi permission to (m) read.

Arabic examples

In Arabic grammar, the verbal noun is used as Masdar ( Arabic مصدر) designated. Example: كتابة kitābatun "the writing". Verbal nouns can be used in the sentence instead of a conjugated verb and are more common in written than spoken Arabic. The meaning of the sentence remains the same:

E.g.:

.أريد الكتابة - urīdu l-kitāba (ta). - I want to write.
.أريد أن أكتب - urīdu ʾan aktuba. - I want to write.

The formation of verbal nouns is based on a fixed scheme, down to the basic stem. H. For the stems II - X there are certain patterns according to which the respective verbal noun (with a few exceptions) can be derived:

II. Tribe tafʿīl تفعيل
III. Tribe mufāʿala / fiʿāl فعال / مفاعلة
IV. Tribe ifʿāl إفعال
V. tribe tafaʿʿul تفعل
VI. Tribe tafāʿul تفاعل
VII. Tribe infiʿāl انفعال
VIII. Tribe iftiʿal افتعال
IX. Stem ifʿilāl افعلال
X. tribe istifʿāl استفعال

Individual evidence

↑ Glück, Helmut (editor): Metzler Lexikon Sprach. 4th, updated and revised edition. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2010, keyword “Verbal abstract”. ISBN 978-3-476-02335-3 .
↑ duden.de: Verbal abstract

Web links

Wiktionary: Verbal noun - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Wiktionary: Directory of verbal nouns with alternation of ablause - explanations of meaning, word origins, synonyms, translations

[1] Glück, Helmut (editor): Metzler Lexikon Sprach. 4th, updated and revised edition. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2010, keyword “Verbal abstract”. ISBN 978-3-476-02335-3 .

[2] uden.de: Verbal abstract