Object perception

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The term object perception is understood to mean processes for the identification and recognition of objects and their classification in their context or their object environment. Visually perceived objects are compared with stored representations and classified as known or unknown. There are various approaches to explaining how objects are perceived.

Gestalt theoretical approach

The Gestalt theoretical approach to describing object recognition is based on Gestalt psychology and was first described by Max Wertheimer . It is assumed here that one or more objects and visual stimuli are always perceived as a unit. Individual sub-objects of an object are set in relation to one another, so that in total they represent an overall picture. An object is thus perceived as a meaningful object consisting of parts. According to which laws the individual parts of an object are related to one another, Gestalt psychology tries to explain on the basis of various Gestalt laws .

Constructivist approach

The constructivist explanatory approach describes object perception as a construction process that consists of several successive stages. While the eye successively scans an object, hypotheses are formed about this object. These hypotheses will be checked in the further course and compared with your own knowledge and representations. The description of the perception of objects in stages was first described by Anne Treisman in 1987. It divides the perception process into five stages:

  • 1. Pre-Attentive Processing
    • Stimulus patterns are broken down into their elementary particles
  • 2. Attentive processing
    • Elementary particles are put together into a whole
  • 3. Perception of the entire 3D object
  • 4. Comparison with existing knowledge, comparison of the 3D object with representations stored in the brain
  • 5. If the 3D object agrees with the stored representations, the object is recognized

Algorithmic approach

David Marr describes object recognition as a step-shaped process in a bottom-up process, whereby the perception of an object as a whole is built up from “below” using recognition algorithms. Marr divides the perception process into three sections:

  • 1. Imaging of the stimulus pattern on the retina
  • 2. Creation of a primary rough sketch: recognition of edges and identification of element features
  • 3. 2 ½-dimensional sketch: element features are grouped and cognitively processed
  • 4. 3-dimensional representation: perception of the three-dimensional object

See also

literature

  • Stephen E. Palmer: Modern Theories of Gestalt Perception. In: Glyn W. Humphreys (Ed.): Understanding Vision: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Blackwell, Oxford (UK) / Cambridge (Mass.) 1992, ISBN 0-631-17909-7 , pp. 39-70.
  • Herbert Fitzek : Gestalt psychology compact: Basics of a psychology for practice. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-04275-2 .

Web links