Offensive rating

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In the offensive rating (short: ORtg , Off Rtg or Off Eff for Offensive Efficiency , German "offensive balance" or "offensive efficiency") is an application developed by statistician Dean Oliver figure in basketball , which provide information about the effectiveness of offensive production of a player or an entire team in possession of the ball. A statistical necessity, as the rallies are approximately the same for both teams. If you subtract the defensive balance ( defensive rating ) from this key figure , i.e. the offensive efficiency of the opponent, you get the net efficiency ( net rating ). This efficiency is calculated by the team's points per possession of the ball, adjusted to the actual frequency of the rallies (the so-called "game speed", calculated by the pace factor ) and given for comparison per one hundred ball acquisitions.

The calculation

The key figure for the team design is calculated as follows:

It stands

  • PTS (points scored) for the number of points scored,
  • TmFGA (team field goal attempts) for the number of attempts by the team to leave the field,
  • TmFTA (team free throw attempts) for the number of free throw attempts by the team,
  • TmTO (team turnovers) for the number of times the team has lost the ball and
  • TmOREB (team offensive rebounds) for the number of offensive rebounds the team has.

The specialty is that in addition to the hits from the field ( 2- and 3-point throws ) and the hits from the free throw line, in contrast to the true shooting percentage , the ball possession through ball losses and the offensive rebounds is calculated in this key figure , because balls in From or the expiration of the shot clock statistically flow into the ball losses.

Pace factor

This number can now be set in relation to the game speed ( pace factor ). Instead of

the formula is then:


That pace factor is calculated from:

It stands

  • TmPOSS (team possession) for the actual possession of the ball by one's own team,
  • OppPOSS (opponent possession) for actual possession of the ball by the opposing team and
  • TmMP (team minutes played) for the minutes played by a team (the denominator could also be abbreviated as “game length × 2”).

This allows the game pace to be calculated for longer or shorter games (e.g. in international or college basketball ).

Offensive rating for players

The calculation of the offensive efficiency of a player is extremely complex and not meaningful in a vacuum. For example, due to a lack of statistical values, the defensive efficiency of a player is strongly distorted by the defensive efficiency of his entire team. Since the efficiency of a player on offensive and defensive depends very much on his teammates, the NBA only gives the team values ​​for those times when the player was on the floor. Other statistics take into account precise LineUp combinations.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kevin Pelton: Statistical Analysis Primer. On: National Basketball Association website; New York City, New York, January 19, 2005, as last revised on September 12, 2007. Retrieved March 13, 2019 (in English).
  2. ↑ Ehran Khan: Advanced NBA Stats for Dummies: How to Understand the New Hoops Math. On: Bleacher Report website; San Francisco, CA, October 18, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2019 (in English).
  3. ^ NN: Pace Factor. What is pace factor? On: Sporting Charts website; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, undated in 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2019 (in English).
  4. ^ NN: Calculating Individual Offensive and Defensive Ratings. On: Basketball Reference website; Philadelphia, PA, 2000-2019. Retrieved March 13, 2019 (in English).
  5. ^ Tilman Rakers: Mathematicians to the Front. On: Spox website; Unterföhring, January 9, 2014. Accessed March 13, 2019.