Osterburg (Groothusen)
| Osterburg | ||
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| Alternative name (s): | Osterburg | |
| Creation time : | around 1200 to 1300 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg, location | |
| Conservation status: | Received or received substantial parts | |
| Place: | Groothusen | |
| Geographical location | 53 ° 26 '7 " N , 7 ° 4' 8" E | |
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The Osterburg is a high medieval moated castle in Groothusen , a district of the municipality Krummhörn , in the district of Aurich in Lower Saxony . Architecturally, its core building belongs to the East Frisian chieftain's castles of the stone house type hall building.
location
Today's castle is located at the eastern end of the Langwurt of the East Frisian village in a wood that is partly park-like. It is surrounded by a graft and can only be reached via a stone bridge.
The clear spatial distance of the Osterburg to the St. Petruskirche and the competition of a second fortified house can be an indication that this and the Westerburg originally each stood on individual walls. Only later did the two merge into a longwurt. Both Wurten, with the place name "Husum", used a common landing stage on the north side, in the Middle Ages the bank or priel of the Sielmönker Bay.
Local castle history
Groothusen was the meeting place of the Emsigerland in the 13th and 14th centuries. At the same time it was a suburb of one of the four subdistricts with the seat of the consul (secular power) and the dean (ecclesiastical power). Originally, both functions were in the hands of a family that resided in a stone house (castle). In all probability, this castle was located next to the church at the west end on the terp and is to be regarded as the forerunner of today's Westerburgstätte. The Westerburg was considered the main castle of the place, it is the "prinzipale erfhues". The older age in comparison to the Osterburg should be derived from this hierarchy.
At the latest with the division of the administrative functions between two families, another castle was built - the Osterburg. The dean lived here. This castle occupied the other end of the terp to the east. In a third phase, the Middelsteburg was built, also called "Redert's strong house".
Because of the participation of the local chiefs in the raids of the Vitalienbrüder on the Hanseatic League, the Osterburg was destroyed in 1400 and the Westerburg in 1435 by the Hamburgers. First the Westerburg was rebuilt after 1452, but outside the terp in the west. The Osterburgstätte remained undeveloped until around 1490.
It is unclear whether the Osterburg, which was destroyed in 1400, was at the site of the current facility. To the east in the wood there is a prominent hill (3.40 m above sea level), which lies exactly in the extension of the village street, at the western end of which the church is located. The space on this hill would only be enough for a tower house (Motte). To the north there is a plateau - to Sielmönker Bucht - for a bailey.
Middelsteburg is the youngest of the three castles. The building, which has been greatly modified today, still contains components from the 14th century.
Building history
The Osterburg is the only remaining one of the three former castles in the town. The structure is a complex of buildings made up of several parts, which were erected between 1490 and 1910. The construction history can be divided into seven construction phases.
- (1) 1490: Construction of a stone house (hall) (L × W = 23.75 × 9.00 m)
- (2) 1547: Addition of a short side wing (east wing) to the northeast corner of the nave (L × W = 9.75 × 6.00 m). Traces also indicate a west wing (U-shaped system). In 1665 the windows were enlarged.
- (3) 1707: Extension of a Gulf barn on the northwest corner of the nave (L × W = 24.80 × 21.90 m). In 1740 a gatehouse on the bridge was demolished. In 1770, under P. v. Wingene renewed the bridge at this point, which was restored in 1864 and 1976.
- (4) 1791: Demolition of the stepped gable of the nave and construction of a hipped roof. Extension of the east wing to a total length of 26.00 m.
- (5) 1891: Extension of a hallway on the courtyard side of the nave. Since then, the pulled-down tented roof has concealed the two-storey structure of the stone house facing the courtyard, which can only be seen from the rear (see photo "Der Saalbau").
- (6) 1910: Demolition and renovation of the east wing extension from 1790. Middle part as apartment, front part as remise.
- (7) 2008: Conversion of the east wing completely for residential purposes.
The castle ensemble includes the farm buildings, "Groot Plaats" (so-called Hof Wäcken), residential part from 1883 and "Osterburg Schatthaus", front end from 1769, rear end from 1909 (now the Burgcafe and bistro). Another plaats (Ter Braecks Heerd, demolished in 1910, probably the historic farmyard of the stone house), next to the Schatthaus, a tea house from 1794, a gardener's house until 1930 (Hoffhus), both in the wood, are no longer preserved. The local brewery and tavern stood there until the 1860s.
Today there is a wood around the castle island that still has baroque and more recent design features. An orchard (Appelhoff) is mentioned in a document as early as 1509. In addition to an almost 250 m long avenue of lime trees, at the end of which there is a pan statue, there is also a mirror pond with a flora sculpture. This area shows the remains of a second graft system, as well as agricultural aspects from the 18th century. A garden plan from 1895 shows the design efforts up to modern times. In the present day the garden has the character of a "lost garden".
In addition to the residence for politically important families, the castle was primarily a large agricultural enterprise. Today the facility on the Graft is a private residence, but can be viewed by prior arrangement by telephone. The castle is now owned by the Kempe family, who are descendants of the Beninga family. Several rooms have been authentically preserved since the Baroque era and their furnishings show the living culture of the families living here. The furniture shows the changing tastes of the times in the individual rooms and, through the objects, the extensive contacts and relationships of the residents. Particularly noteworthy is the ancestral gallery in the great hall, which shows portraits from five centuries.
Owner story
The original owners of the Osterburgstelle are unknown. In the second half of the 14th century, a Tiado von Ditzum married into the family of the deans (provosts) zu Groothusen (Osterburglinie). From this connection, the chief family Tiadekana is derived, which provided the deans between 1360 and 1463. This family died out around 1465 or was part of the chief family Beninga von Groothusen (Westerburg line).
In between, however, in a short period of time until it was destroyed on June 14, 1400, the Osterburg belonged to the chief Folkmar Allena from Osterhusen. After that it is not clear who had the Osterburgstelle, but it can be assumed that it was again the Tiadekana family who provided the deans in the 2nd and 3rd quarter of the 15th century.
The Westerburg was destroyed by the Hamburgers in 1435. The reconstruction of the Westerburg began in 1452 after the return of Chief Redward II Haitadisna Beninga. His daughter Tiada Beninga (1425–1483) also inherited the Osterburgstelle from the Visquard Tiade Canal line. With her father's two castles, all three castles were in the hands of the Beninga in 1465.
Perhaps during her lifetime, but more likely under her son Beno Lyawes von Groothusen and Neermoor, the Osterburgstätte was presumed. rebuilt in the last quarter of the 15th century. As the first owner, his widow Reinste is recorded in writing.
The ownership successes:
- (1) Construction (presumably 1480/1490) - Beno Lyawes, chief of Groothusen and Neermoor (1442 – before 1495)
- (2) before 1495 - Reinste (Reinsedis Remetsna van Midlum) van Groothusen (1445–1515 / widow to 1)
- (3) from 1509 - Keno Benena Hptl. von Groothusen and Neermoor (1465 – after 1516 / son of 2 / severance pay for sister)
- (4) after 1516 - Nomna Beninga von Groothusen, (1490–1560 / daughter of 3 / marries 4b Wiard Nomen Meckena von Jemgum (Meckenaborg), (1480–1533)
- (5) from 1560 - Tiada Meckenaborg van Groothusen (approx. 1520–1602 / division of inheritance / daughter of 4, husband Meindest (Meynert) Aldringa von Nesse (approx. 1510–1577)
- (6) from 1566 (inheritance agreement) - Enno Mentets Aldringa van Nesse (1540–1599; son of 5)
- (7) from 1581 Habbo Mentets Aldringa van Nesse, (1545–? / Brother of 6)
- (8) from? - Wiard and Albert Aldringa, (grandsons of 5)
- (9) from? - Ennecke Aldringa (van Nesse) together with her brother Mentet, (1619–1669 / great-granddaughter of 5 / her husband Tammo Valk sells the castle at 10 and 11)
- (10) from 1650 Jannecken Simons van Swart, (1605–1657 / together with 11)
- (11) from 1657 (sole) Warner Conring, (1620–1695 / son-in-law of 10)
- (12) from 1695 Maria Conring, (1643–1695 / daughter of 11 / marriage with 12b; Eberhard ter Braeck [1630–1700])
- (13) from 1696 Warner ter Braeck (1674–1734 / son of 12)
- (14) from 1734 Justus ter Braecke, (1709–1737 / son of 13)
- (15) from 1737 Gossel Rudolf van Wingene, (1706–1767 / son of Helena ter Braeck / cousin of 14)
- (16) from 1767 Paul van Wingene, (1736–1816 / nephew of 15)
- (17) from 1816 Eberhard J. Leonhard van Wingene, (1784–1862 / son of 16)
- (18) from 1862 Sara Johanna Ottilie van Wingene, (1811–1883 / daughter of 17 / from August 29, 1835 married Kempe / after death community of heirs)
- (19) from 1883 community of heirs
- (20) from 1887 Daniel Kempe, lease from community of heirs, (1853–1916 / son of 18)
- (21) from 1891 Paul Kempe, (1839–1897 / brother to 20 / purchase from community of heirs), married to Henriette W. Heykes (1856–1940)
- (22) from 1940 Klaas Heykes Kempe, (1893–1966 / son of 21)
- (23) from 1966 Enno F. Kempe (1926–2015 / son of 22)
- (24) from 2007 Klaas H. Kempe, (born 1972 / son of 23).
According to the importance of the place and castle, the owners were often in corporate offices, e.g. B. Landrichter Emsigerland (4b), Deich- u. Landrentmeister (11), administrator of the estates (12b), more recently also as councilor (22). The predominantly ev. Ref. Religious affiliation is explained in particular by their origin as refugees from the Netherlands, which in the 16th century. came to Emden. The van Wingene family was significantly involved with Johannes a Lasco in building up the Reformed Church in Emden.
In the 14th and 15th centuries, the owners carried the title "hovetling" (chief). Even if the owners, like the Meckenas and Aldringas, were aristocratic, the Osterburg was never entered in the knighthood register. In terms of class, the residents of the castle belonged to the househusband class (see 12b). The current owners are direct descendants of Beno Lyawes and document ownership continuity for well over 500 years.
Eberhard ter Braeck (1630–1698) is one of the most important residents. In 1682, as administrator (see East Frisian landscape ) of the third estate (Hausmannstand / Osterburg Groothusen) together with Diurco Andree (cities / mayor of Emden) and Dodo II of Innhausen and Knyphausen (knighthood / glory Lütetsburg), he signed a contract with the elector of Brandenburg and thus established the later bond (from 1744) East Frisia to Prussia.
literature
- Enno F. Kempe: The Osterburg to Groothusen ( Ostfriesischer Kunstführer , issue 12). Aurich 1989. ISBN 3-925365-34-6
- Hajo van Lengen: History of the Emsigerland from the early 13th to the late 15th century . Publishing house Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1973.
- Sigismund Eberhard: Kempe family line . East Frisian gender book, published by CA Starke, Limburg ad Lahn 1983.
Individual evidence
- FG Kempe u. WD Kempe: The owners of the Osterburg zu Groothusen from 1495 - 1895. Seventeen generations. Oktavheft, Bunde 1906.
Web links
- Official website of the Osterburg in Groothusen
- Entry by Frank Both zu Osterburg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute