PAQUID cohort study

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A cohort study is an observational study of epidemiology with the aim of uncovering a relationship between one or more exposures and the occurrence of a disease. A group of exposed and a group of non-exposed persons are observed over a certain period of time with regard to the occurrence or mortality of certain diseases. It is a special form of panel investigation in which all persons belong to a sample of the same cohort. A cohort is a group of people in whose résumés a specific biographical event occurred at approximately the same point in time.

In the PAQUID cohort study (or Paquid study) a group of (until recently) a total of 3,777 people aged 65 years or older was examined from 1988 to the present. The researchers recruited the study participants of the group from over 91 different regions of south-western France in order to evaluate the influence of various environmental, behavioral and social conditions on age-related medical status and diseases. One of the most important study goals was to be able to identify the causes of dementia and Alzheimer's disease , if possible, such as a correlation between the aluminum content of drinking water and the frequency of dementia diseases.

The study was carried out at the University of Victor Segalen Bordeaux II in Bordeaux , France.

The term “PAQUID” comes from “Personnes Agées QUID”, which, freely translated from French or Latin, means “How about the seniors?”.

Lower risk of dementia in active married seniors

As part of the prospective PAQUID study, 2040 people were included in the initial examination according to a longitudinal study (Fabrigoule et al. 1995); 84 of them developed dementia. The result shows a significantly lower risk of dementia in people with regular activities such as traveling, handicrafts and gardening. It should be noted, however, that social and leisure activities from the past were not recorded in this study, only the activities at the time of the initial examination and at two later measurement times. Also as part of the PAQUID study, Helmer and colleagues (1999) examine the relationship between marital status and the risk of dementia. The result shows an almost two-fold increased risk of dementia and an almost three-fold increased risk of Alzheimer's disease for unmarried people. People who have never been married live alone more often, have a lower number of people in their social network and are more likely to show depressive symptoms than married people. A connection between satisfaction with the social network and the later occurrence of dementia cannot be established.

Follow-up examinations of the influence of aluminum on Alzheimer's disease over 15 years

The authors of a 15-year follow-up study of the PAQUID cohort study examined associations between exposure to aluminum or silica from drinking water and the risk of decline in cognitive abilities, dementia and the frequency of occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. The subjects examined in the PAQUID cohort study were followed up for 15 years with an active search for new cases of dementia in people aged 65 and over living in 91 public drinking water supply areas in southern France. Two criteria for exposure to aluminum were assessed quantitatively: geographical exposure and individual exposure taking into account the daily consumption of drinking water from the mains and mineral water. A total of 1925 patients who were completely free of dementia at the beginning of the investigation were examined or analyzed with a precise allocation to their water consumption.

Using random effects models , the decline in cognitive abilities occurred more rapidly in subjects with a higher daily aluminum intake from drinking water (≥ 0.1 mg / day, p = 0.005) or a higher geographical exposure to aluminum. Using a Cox regression , a special regression model from mathematical statistics, a high daily dose of aluminum was significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia. Conversely, a supplementary intake of 10 mg silica / day led to a reduced risk of dementia (with RR = 0.89, p = 0.036). No association was found between geographic exposure to aluminum or silicon dioxide from tap water and the occurrence of dementia. However, the individual ingestion of large amounts of aluminum from drinking water can be a risk factor for the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Leon Gordis: Epidemiology. 4th edition. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia 2009, pp. 167-170.
  2. ↑ C. Nejjari, JF Tessier, I. Baldi, P. Barberger-Gateau, JF Dartigues, R. Salamon: Epidemiologic aspects of respiratory aging: contribution of the PAQUID survey . In: Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique . tape 45 , no. 5 , October 1997, p. 417-428 , PMID 9446147 (INSERM Unité 330, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, France).
  3. ↑ C. Helmer, D. Damon, L. Letenneur, C. Fabrigoule, P. Barberger-Gateau, S. Lafont, R. Fuhrer, T. Antonucci, D. Commenges, JM Orgogozo, JF Dartigues: Marital status and risk of Alzheimer's disease . A French population-based cohort study. In: Neurology . tape 53 , no. 9 , December 1, 1999, p. 1953 , doi : 10.1212 / WNL.53.9.1953 .
  4. ^ A b V. Rondeau, H. Jacqmin-Gadda, D. Commenges, C. Helmer, JF Dartigues: Aluminum and silica in drinking water and the risk of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive decline . findings from 15-year follow-up of the PAQUID cohort. In: Am. J. Epidemiol . tape 169 , no. 4 , December 8, 2008, p. 489-496 , doi : 10.1093 / aje / kwn348 ( aje.oxfordjournals.org [accessed July 21, 2013]).
  5. ↑ Lise Mazat, Sylviane Lafont, Claudine Berr, Brigitte Debuire, Jean-François Tessier, Jean-François Dartigues, Etienne-Emile Baulieu: Prospective measurements of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in a cohort of elderly subjects: Relationship to gender, subjective health, smoking habits, and 10-year mortality . In: Biological Sciences - Population Biology . tape 98 , no. 14 , June 26, 2001, p. 8145-8150 , doi : 10.1073 / pnas.121177998 .
  6. ↑ a b Andreas Seidler: Can psychosocial factors protect against the later development of dementia? In: Yearbook for Critical Medicine . tape 40 . Magdeburg 2004, chap. 5 , p. 40–48 ( med.uni-magdeburg.de [PDF; 62 kB ; accessed on July 21, 2013]).
  7. ↑ C. Fabrigoule, L. Letenneur, JF Dartigues, M. Zarrouk, D. Commenges, P. Barberger-Gateau: Social and leisure activities and risk of dementia: a prospective longitudinal study. In: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Volume 43, Number 5, May 1995, pp. 485-490. PMID 7730528 .
  8. ↑ C. Helmer et al. a .: Marital status and risk of Alzheimer's disease . A French population-based cohort study. In: Neurology . tape 53 , 1999, pp. 1953-1958 .