Paneb

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Paneb (* under Ramses II. 1278-1212 BC in Deir el-Medina; † probably 1193 BC there) was an ancient Egyptian criminal, gang leader and foreman of the 19th dynasty in the working-class city of Deir el-Medina . His life could be reconstructed relatively well through papyrus writings and ostraka court records.

Criminal career

He was the adopted son of foreman Neferhotep the Younger . His crimes included murder, grave robbery, perjury, robbery, coercion, manslaughter, theft (of work tools), triple adultery, favors, embezzlement and rape. With his gang of criminals, he led several civil war-like gang wars in Deir el-Medina. After he had robbed the burial chambers of the Ramses daughters, he and his followers looted in 1198 BC. The grave of Seti II immediately after his burial. However, he was discovered by an official who allowed himself to be bribed.

An anonymus wrote an indictment against Paneb, which was found under a stone some distance from Deir el-Medina. Yet there was no conviction. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that he was only accused of many crimes.

Paneb allegedly threatened his stepfather and rival Hay with murder. Neferhotep was later actually murdered " by his enemy, " it is reported. Paneb claimed the post of his stepfather as a foreman, but this could only be passed on to biological descendants by inheritance. So he bribed the vizier Seti II. Later the man to whom the post was legally entitled complained and a process ensued, but no records exist. It is also possible that the trial did not take place in Deir el-Medina. From now on Paneb and his son Aapahate are no longer mentioned. He was probably executed, as the ostracon "Year 6 of Siptah , execution of a foreman" suggests.

literature

  • Marie Sagenschneider: 50 classics: processes. Famous legal cases from ancient times to today. Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 2002, pp. 10-13.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Paneb
BRIEF DESCRIPTION ancient Egyptian criminal, gang leader and foreman
DATE OF BIRTH 13th century BC Chr.
PLACE OF BIRTH Deir el-Medina
DATE OF DEATH around 1193 BC Chr.
Place of death Deir el-Medina