Pannarello
A pannarello is a plastic attachment for the steam nozzles on espresso machines and fully automatic machines. It is a milk frother nozzle that you connect to espresso machines to froth milk . This milk foam is used for cappuccino or latte macchiato .
The accessory supplied with most machines simplifies the production of the milk foam that is required for beverages such as cappuccino or latte macchiato. Since a pure stainless steel nozzle must be located directly below the milk surface at the beginning of the foaming process in order to obtain an optimal air-milk ratio and fine-pored milk foam, a nozzle with a Pannarello attachment is easier to use: it can simply be dipped into the milk and automatically sucks air into the milk, almost regardless of its position in the jug.
These attachments usually consist of two or more parts: an inner, which is basically a small nozzle, and an outer attachment. This often has a tiny hole through which air is sucked in when frothing milk. This air mixes with the water vapor and creates the milk foam.
However, if you want to produce latte art with milk froth, it is important to be able to manually influence the air supply during frothing. To do this, you either have to close the small air hole in the outer pannarello part (with a small wooden stick, for example), or simply leave out the outer part and just use the steam nozzle to foam. But that requires a lot of practice and a different foaming technique. Basically, it is not possible with a Pannarello to achieve the same fine pores as with skilfully classically foamed foam. With some Pannarellos you can remove the outer tube in order to achieve almost the same results as with a classic nozzle.