Marly paper mill
The Marly paper mill on the lower reaches of the Ärgera in Marly- Le-Grand south of Freiburg in Üechtland was one of the first or the first paper mills in Switzerland . It was in operation from 1411 to 1921, i.e. for more than 500 years. Another paper mill in Switzerland, the one in Belfaux , was first mentioned in writing in 1432, but this too will be older. Which is really the location of the oldest paper mill in Switzerland is reserved for subsequent scientific research.
history
As early as the end of the 14th century, several paper makers were named in the Freiburg Citizens' Register . Other businesses had already settled in the valley of the Ärgera, such as a forge, a sawmill, mills and hammer mills. Although the company was first mentioned in a document as part of a lease extension in 1474, it can be assumed that production began in 1411.
The landowner of the paper mill was the Praroman family, also called Perroman in other sources, who were also involved in the paper trade. In 1490 the mill was referred to as "d'ancienneté", which suggests that it was a tradition that had lasted for generations. The Arsent family is named as the operator of the mill, and the tenant is Jean Granet, who signed the said document in 1474, which concerned a delivery contract. A hanging bunch of grapes was already used as a watermark. This fact has been handed down as there was a legal dispute over the watermark with the La Glâne paper mill in 1515 . The court decision went in favor of the Marly paper mill, which granted the sole right to use this watermark, while La Glâne from then on - as it did before 1445 - kept a sign on the pole. For the year 1733 the printer Innocent Théodoric Hautt , 1737 the printer Henry Ignace Nicomede Hautt and 1751 Niclaus Ackherman are named as the owner of the paper mill in the files of the city of Freiburg .
The Marly paper mill is the only one that has been able to secure its benefices and develop further over the centuries. The high point of its era was the 19th century, while the innovations were missed at the beginning of the 20th century. The company could not realize the general upswing after the First World War and was displaced by the increasingly international market. Production had been suspended since September 1, 1920, and the company was liquidated in 1921 .
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Over the entire period, sales of the papers produced are likely to have remained limited to the Freiburg area. Initially, paper production in the developing book printing market was a seller's market . The continuously increasing demand could only be met with great difficulty. In the course of the 15th and 16th centuries, with production improvements and falling prices, a closed market that only served friendly trading cities served. With the Counter Reformation , however, the market opened up because Freiburg was now an important printing location . The locally produced papers remained regionally limited as the demand was correspondingly high. Only the further liberalization and opening of the market through better trade routes ruined the paper mill.
literature
- Luc Monteleone: La papeterie de Marly. In: Bulletin de l'Institut fribourgeois d'héraldique et de généalogie. 2005, pp. 3-34.
- Jean Dubas: La papeteries établies dans les environs de Friborg au XVème siècle . Friborg 1997, pp. 95-96.
- Theo Gerardy: The paper of the Seckelmeister calculations from Freiburg i. Ue. Schinznach-Bad 1980, p. 69ff.
- Charles-Moïse Briquet : La Papeterie de Marly. Notices historiques sur les plus anciennes papeteries suisses . 1883, pp. 97-113. (Reprint: Briquets Opuscula, Monumenta Chartae papyraceae historiam illustrantia IV. ) Hilversum 1955, pp. 70–111.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Claude Simonet: Marly. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . March 3, 2011 , accessed July 10, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d e Peter Fritz Tschudin : Swiss History of Paper , Ed .: Swiss Paper Museum, Basel BS 1991, ISBN 3-905142-04-X .
- ↑ a b c d Alain Bosson: L'Atelier Typographique de Friborg (Suisse) . Bibliothèque cantonale et universitaire de Friborg, 2009, ISBN 978-2-940058-32-7 .
Coordinates: 46 ° 46 ′ 30 " N , 7 ° 9 ′ 26" E ; CH1903: 578507 / 180464