Periodontal Screening Index

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Left: periodontal probe, right: bifurcation probe
WHO probe for measuring the PSI code
Collection of the PSI code according to sextants

The Periodontal Screening Index (PSI) is used for the early detection of periodontal diseases . A special periodontal probe ( WHO probe) is used to measure the depth of the gingival pockets, the bleeding tendency of the gingiva (gums) and the roughness of the tooth surfaces in the gingival pockets. The PSI probe has a black band between 3.5 mm and 5.5 mm as a special length marking and a hemisphere with 0.5 mm diameter at the working end, so that the examination can be carried out painlessly and without damaging the gingiva. Alternatively, a computer-controlled periodontal probe ( Florida Probe; pa-on ) is available, which enables the direct transfer of the measurement data to a computer program with a pressure-calibrated measurement. The screening should be carried out in all patients, i.e. the general population, as part of routine dental examinations .

Medical check-up

During a dental check-up, the teeth and the oral cavity are examined in detail to determine any tooth, mouth and jaw diseases. Part of this is the survey of the Periodontal Screening Index. For the content of the preventive medical check-up see

Elevation

For the examination, the dentition is divided into six areas (sextants). In each jaw, the sextant includes the anterior and the two posterior areas. The parameters mentioned are recorded at four or six points ( mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiooral, oral and distooral ) on each tooth and recorded on a scale from 0 to 4. The highest value is noted for each sextant. With code 0, the gingiva and periodontium (tooth bed) are healthy. Codes 1 and 2 indicate inflammation of the gums ( gingivitis ), codes 3 and 4 indicate a moderate or severe form of periodontitis . Based on the results, further examinations and therapeutic measures may be necessary.

costs

In Germany, this examination is taken over by the health insurance companies once every two years for patients with statutory health insurance . There is no age limit. More frequent measurements are possible, but the costs are to be paid by the patient. You will be billed according to the dentist fee schedule .

Consequences

The PSI is used to collect findings and not make any diagnoses. As an individual index , which was derived from the Community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) in 1982 , the PSI states that periodontitis can be excluded in grades 0, 1 and 2.

Depending on the result of the screening, steps 1 and 2 are taken to eliminate the pathogenic findings, such as oral hygiene measures , tartar removal or professional teeth cleaning . Grades 3 and 4 mean that periodontitis may be in need of treatment . As a result, a detailed diagnosis that supports the respective suspected diagnosis must be carried out. From a PSI code 3 (pocket depth over 3.5 mm), the costs of a systematic periodontal treatment are covered by the statutory health insurance (periodontitis, gingival enlargements). The data collected cannot be used as individual values ​​(as with the CPITN) for epidemiological statements (preventive research).

history

Periodontal Disease Index according to Ramfjord

In 1956 AL Russel developed the Periodontal Index (PI) for epidemiological studies. Based on this, Sigurd P. Ramfjord developed the Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) in 1959 . Ramfjord has designated teeth 16, 21, 24, 36, 41 and 44 as reference teeth on which the periodontal condition is recorded. If one of these teeth is missing, the mesial or distal tooth is used as a substitute.

It was expanded in 1982 by J. Ainamo et al. and the adoption by the World Health Organization (WHO) of the index , which is now called the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN).

After these indices were unsuitable for practical use, the American Academy of Periodontology, together with the American Dental Association (ADA ), modified the CPITN for Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) in 1998 . In 2002 this was introduced as PSI by the German Society for Periodontology in Germany.

PSI code international

The PSI code is collected worldwide as part of dental examinations. In the USA it is called Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Subject series PSI , DGParo, (PDF; 802 kB). Retrieved January 23, 2016.
  2. ↑ The Periodontal Screening Index (PSI) , Working Group Dental Health (AGZ-RNK)
  3. ↑ TW Cutress, J. Ainamo, J. Sardo-Infirri: The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) procedure for population groups and individuals. In: International dental journal. Volume 37, Number 4, December 1987, pp. 222-233, ISSN  0020-6539 . PMID 3481626 .
  4. ↑ AL RUSSELL: A system of classification and scoring for prevalence surveys of periodontal disease. In: Journal of dental research. Volume 35, Number 3, June 1956, pp. 350-359, PMID 13332137 .
  5. ^ SP Ramfjord: The Periodontal Disease Index (PDI). In: Journal of periodontology. Volume 38, Number 6, 1967 Nov-Dec, S. Suppl: 602-Suppl: 610, doi: 10.1902 / jop.1967.38.6.602 , PMID 5237683 .
  6. ↑ Stephen HY Wei, Klaus P. Lang, Periodontal epidemiological indices for children and adolescents: I. gingival and periodontal health assessments , The American Academy of Periodontology, Vol3. No.4, 1981. p.357. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
  7. ↑ J. Ainamo, D. Barmes, G. Beagrie, T. Cutress, J. Martin, J. Sardo-Infirri: Development of the World Health Organization (WHO) community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). In: International dental journal. Volume 32, Number 3, September 1982, pp. 281-291, PMID 6958657 .
  8. ^ PSR , American Dental Association. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
  9. ^ CJ Charles, AH Charles: Periodontal screening and recording. In: Journal of the California Dental Association. Volume 22, Number 2, February 1994, pp. 43-46, ISSN  1043-2256 . PMID 7523617 .